{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:14:45Z","timestamp":1769631285928,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Steroid use for the treatment of croup has been supported by several studies, although few have addressed the use of oral dexamethasone for outpatient management. The efficacy of oral (PO) versus intramuscular (IM) dosing of dexamethasone in the outpatient treatment of moderate croup are compared in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients between the ages of 3 months and 12 years with moderate croup (history or presence of stridor, cyanosis, or retractions) were eligible for enrollment in this single-blind, prospective study. Patients were randomized to receive a single dose (0.6 mg\/kg, maximum 8 mg) of IM or PO dexamethasone. Parents were contacted by phone to assess resolution of symptoms and need for further evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred seventy-seven patients were enrolled (median age: 2.1 years). One hundred thirty-nine patients received IM dexamethasone, and 138 received PO. At phone follow-up, 141 (51%) had total resolution of symptoms (75 in IM, 66 in PO). Eighty patients (29%) returned for further evaluation (45 in IM, 35 in PO). Twenty-three (8%) received either more steroids, racemic epinephrine, or admission (11 in IM, 12 in PO).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>No statistically significant difference was found in the need for subsequent interventions after a single dose of either IM or PO dexamethasone. A single PO dose of dexamethasone can be effectively and safely used for the outpatient treatment of moderate croup.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.6.1344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:50:41Z","timestamp":1092441041000},"page":"1344-1348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Outpatient Treatment of Moderate Croup With Dexamethasone: Intramuscular Versus Oral Dosing"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Kristine K.","family":"Rittichier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Ledwith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Primary Children's Medical Center, University ofUtah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and Children's Hospital, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121003290424000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.71.6.871","article-title":"Croup: an 11-year study in a pediatric practice.","volume":"71","author":"Denny","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121003290424000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1989.02150210079022","article-title":"Treatment of croup.","volume":"143","author":"Skolnik","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child."},{"key":"2021121003290424000_B3","first-page":"139","article-title":"Viral croup: current diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"16","author":"Kaditis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contemp Pediatr."},{"key":"2021121003290424000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)38731-4","article-title":"Diagnosis and 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the treatment of croup.","volume":"77","author":"Kuusela","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand."},{"key":"2021121003290424000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198409000-00008","article-title":"Severe hospitalized croup: treatment trends and prognosis.","volume":"94","author":"Postma","year":"1984","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"2021121003290424000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(96)70084-7","article-title":"Sixteen years of croup in a Western Australian teaching hospital: effects of routine steroid treatment.","volume":"28","author":"Geelhoed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"2021121003290424000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808203390802","article-title":"A comparison of nebulized budesonide, intramuscular dexamethasone, and placebo for moderately severe 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