{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T14:16:31Z","timestamp":1792419391090,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the role of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma CO and NO levels were studied in 33 asphyxiated term neonates, and 30 healthy neonates served as controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 33 asphyxiated term neonates, plasma CO and NO levels in 28 neonates with HIE were significantly higher than those in the 5 infants without HIE and in the normal controls. The plasma CO and NO levels in the newborn infants with HIE stage 3 were found to be significantly higher than those in the neonates with HIE stage 1 and 2. Moreover, plasma CO and NO levels were significantly increased in neonates with brain damage and adverse outcome as compared with those in patients with normal neuroimaging and normal outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma CO and NO levels after perinatal asphyxia are related to the severity of neonatal HIE, brain damage, and neurologic outcome. The present study suggests that CO and NO might play important roles in the pathogenesis of neonatal HIE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.6.1447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:50:41Z","timestamp":1092441041000},"page":"1447-1451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Role of Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide in Newborn Infants With Postasphyxial Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1From the Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1From the Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1From the Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1From the Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwen","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1From the Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1From the Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121003325895000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.7.1481","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 expression in ischemic neurons.","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021121003325895000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.6.1093","article-title":"Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia stimulates cytokine gene expression in perinatal rats.","volume":"26","author":"Szaflarski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021121003325895000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199610000-00015","article-title":"Enhanced expression of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 messenger RNA and bioactive protein after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats.","volume":"40","author":"Hagberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Res."},{"key":"2021121003325895000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.3.1078","article-title":"Effects of carbon monoxide on the brain may be mediated by nitric oxide.","volume":"81","author":"Meilin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"2021121003325895000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(97)00032-5","article-title":"Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide: parallel roles as neural messengers.","volume":"26","author":"Snyder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev."},{"key":"2021121003325895000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.80.4.557","article-title":"Nitric oxide induces heme oxygenase-1 gene expression and carbon monoxide production in vascular smooth muscle.","volume":"80","author":"Durante","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"2021121003325895000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0722356.x","article-title":"Suppression of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression by interferon-gamma in human glioblastoma cells.","volume":"72","author":"Takahashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"2021121003325895000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1998.0441","article-title":"Induction of haem oxygenase contributes to the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines in re-oxygenated rat macrophages: role of cGMP.","volume":"11","author":"Tamion","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2021121003325895000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(96)00561-X","article-title":"Hypoxic and ischemic disorders of infants and children. 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