{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T07:00:54Z","timestamp":1768892454373,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunization of egg-allergic children against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) is often deferred or even denied, although the safety of this vaccination has been clearly shown. Moreover, the majority of severe allergic reactions have occurred in egg-tolerant vaccinees. Other allergenic vaccine components have been sought, and gelatin has been suggested as one cause of allergic adverse events. The aim of this study was to further characterize the actual allergenic vaccine components.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum samples from 36 recipients of MMR vaccine with anaphylaxis, urticaria with or without angioedema, asthmatic symptoms, or Henoch-Scho\u0308nlein purpura were analyzed by CAP System radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and immunospot methods to detect the allergenic vaccine component. To evaluate the correspondence between the findings in the CAP System RAST or the immunospot and clinical symptoms, histories of allergies and present hypersensitivity symptoms were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 36 participants, 10 were demonstrated to be allergic to gelatin. Seven of them had persistent allergic symptoms, possibly attributable to foods containing gelatin or cross-reactive allergens. The results of the immunospot suggested concomitant allergy to gelatin and egg, chicken, and feathers, as well as cow's milk, or they reflected allergen cross-reactivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although severe allergic adverse events attributable to MMR vaccination are extremely rare, all serious allergic reactions should be further assessed to detect the likely causative vaccine component, including gelatin. The current recommendation for immunization of egg-allergic persons according to standard MMR vaccination schedules is reinforced. measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, immunization, adverse effects, allergic reactions, gelatin allergy, CAP System, radioallergosorbent test, immunospot, immunoglobulin E.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.2.e27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:55:51Z","timestamp":1092441351000},"page":"e27-e27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Allergic Reactions to Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Annamari","family":"Patja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soili","family":"Ma\u0308kinen-Kiljunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irja","family":"Davidkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Institute; and the"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Paunio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Peltola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121009504200400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7133.765","article-title":"Should measles be eradicated?","volume":"316","author":"Cutts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B2"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411243312101","article-title":"The elimination of indigenous measles, mumps, and rubella from Finland by a 12-year, two-dose vaccination program.","volume":"331","author":"Peltola","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00207.x","article-title":"Safety of measles immunization in egg-allergic children.","volume":"4","author":"Businco","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measles, mumps, rubella immunization in egg-allergic children: a long lasting debate.","volume":"72","author":"Businco","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7239.929","article-title":"Recommendations for using MMR vaccine in children allergic to eggs.","volume":"320","author":"Khakoo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B7","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Safe immunization of allergic children against measles, mumps, and rubella.","volume":"141","author":"Juntunen-Backman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440020103041","article-title":"Administration of measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine (live) to egg-allergic children.","volume":"263","author":"Lavi","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.88.5.913","article-title":"Egg hypersensitivity and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine administration.","volume":"88","author":"Beck","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81953-5","article-title":"Egg hypersensitivity and adverse reactions to measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine.","volume":"120","author":"Fasano","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B11","first-page":"486","article-title":"Lack of adverse reactions to measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine in egg-allergic children.","volume":"73","author":"Freigang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6949.223","article-title":"Measles immunisation in children with allergy to egg.","volume":"309","author":"Aickin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505113321904","article-title":"Safe administration of the measles vaccine to children allergic to eggs.","volume":"332","author":"James","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(95)00154-S","article-title":"Measles immunization in children with a history of egg allergy.","volume":"14","author":"Baxter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1998.tb141412.x","article-title":"Vaccinating children with a history of serious reactions after vaccination or of egg allergy.","volume":"168","author":"Andrews","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90344-F","article-title":"Anaphylaxis to measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine mediated by IgE to gelatin.","volume":"91","author":"Kelso","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B17"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70304-7","article-title":"IgE antibody to gelatin in children with immediate-type reactions to measles and mumps vaccines.","volume":"96","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)80191-6","article-title":"Food allergy to gelatin in children with systemic immediate-type reactions, including anaphylaxis, to vaccines.","volume":"98","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70038-1","article-title":"Development of IgE antibody to gelatin in children with systemic immediate-type reactions to vaccines.","volume":"99","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70342-2","article-title":"Gelatin-induced T-cell activation in children with nonanaphylactic-type reactions to vaccines containing gelatin.","volume":"102","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70490-2","article-title":"The gelatin story.","volume":"103","author":"Kelso","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7206.352","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of three mumps vaccines during disease outbreak in eastern Switzerland: cohort study.","volume":"319","author":"Schlegel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02853-6","article-title":"Resurgence of mumps in Singapore caused by the Rubini mumps virus vaccine strain.","volume":"354","author":"Goh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200012000-00002","article-title":"Serious adverse events after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination during a fourteen-year prospective follow-up.","volume":"19","author":"Patja","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(94)70046-X","article-title":"Banana allergy in patients with immediate-type hypersensitivity to natural rubber latex: characterization of cross-reacting antibodies and allergens.","volume":"93","author":"Ma\u0308kinen-Kiljunen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115827","article-title":"Increase of vaccination coverage by mass media and individual approach: intensified measles, mumps, and rubella prevention program in Finland.","volume":"133","author":"Paunio","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62784-6","article-title":"Sensitization to gelatin in children with systemic non-immediate-type reactions to varicella vaccines.","volume":"84","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70108-8","article-title":"IgE-mediated systemic reactions to gelatin included in the varicella vaccine.","volume":"99","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03892.x","article-title":"Milk hypersensitivity\u2014key to poorly defined gastrointestinal symptoms in adults.","volume":"53","author":"Pelto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb05156.x","article-title":"Clinical patterns and results of radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and skin tests in penicillin allergy.","volume":"94","author":"Kraft","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02348.x","article-title":"IgE-mediated allergic reactions to fruit gums and investigation of cross-reactivity between gelatine and modified gelatine-containing products.","volume":"19","author":"Wahl","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1979.tb04933.x","article-title":"Fatal reaction to haemaccel.","volume":"34","author":"Freeman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2021121009504200400_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.21.330","article-title":"Non-antigenic and low allergic gelatin produced by specific digestion with an enzyme-coupled matrix.","volume":"21","author":"Sakai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/107\/2\/e27\/892156\/e27.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/107\/2\/e27\/892156\/e27.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T05:39:16Z","timestamp":1682746756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/107\/2\/e27\/66331\/Allergic-Reactions-to-Measles-Mumps-Rubella"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.107.2.e27","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-4275","0031-4005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]}}}