{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:42:16Z","timestamp":1774125736067,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>An increasing prevalence of asthma has been reported worldwide as well as in Sweden. In 1996, the prevalence of asthma and type 1 allergy was investigated in a cohort of 3525 children 7 and 8 years old in 3 areas of northern Sweden. The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence of asthma and to identify risk factors for incident cases over 1 year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study started with a parental questionnaire, the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire with additional questions, a skin prick test, and a validation study. The cohort was followed up after 1 year with the same questions. The response rate to the questionnaire was 97% in 1996, and 3339 children (97%) participated both in 1996 and 1997.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 0.9\/100\/year; of wheezing, 3.8\/100\/year; and of new frequent or daily users of asthma medicines, 1.1\/100\/year. There was no difference by sex. The risk factor pattern based on incident cases of asthma was different from that based on prevalent cases. Significant risk factors for incident asthma were a positive skin test (odds ratio [OR]: 9.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8\u201322.7); low birth weight (OR: 7.4; 95% CI: 2.2\u201324.5); and family history of asthma (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.1\u20136.3). Having or having had pets at home was associated with a decreased risk for asthma and wheezing based on prevalent cases, although it was associated with an increased risk for incidence of wheezing (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.3\u20136.2). Remission of asthma, which was reported by 10% of the children with current asthma during 1 year, was associated with a negative skin test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of asthma at the age of 8 years was high, but remission was also common. Important risk factors for the development of asthma at this age were type 1 allergy, low birth weight, and family history of asthma. Furthermore, the results suggest that in a region where sensitivity to domestic animals is a strong risk factor for asthma, the presence of pets in the home may have different effects in early childhood compared with later in childhood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.3.e37","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:55:51Z","timestamp":1092441351000},"page":"e37-e37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Incidence and Remission of Asthma in Schoolchildren: Report From the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Studies"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Ro\u0308nmark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the OLIN Study Group, Department of Medicine, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Lule\u00e5, Sweden;"},{"name":"Respiratory Unit, Department of Occupational Medicine, National Institute for Working Life, Stockholm and Ume\u00e5, Sweden;"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Ume\u00e5, Ume\u00e5, Sweden; and the"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elsy","family":"Jo\u0308nsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the OLIN Study Group, Department of Medicine, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Lule\u00e5, Sweden;"},{"name":"Respiratory Unit, Department of Occupational Medicine, National Institute for Working Life, Stockholm and Ume\u00e5, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Platts-Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma and Allergy Diseases Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Lundba\u0308ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the OLIN Study Group, Department of Medicine, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Lule\u00e5, Sweden;"},{"name":"Respiratory Unit, Department of Occupational Medicine, National Institute for Working Life, Stockholm and Ume\u00e5, Sweden;"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Ume\u00e5, Ume\u00e5, Sweden; and the"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121009391291000_B1","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Prevalence of asthma in Melbourne school children: changes over 26 years.","volume":"302","author":"Robertsson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.1.151","article-title":"Transient physician-diagnosed asthma: prevalence in Manitoba between 1980 and 1990.","volume":"103","author":"Manfreda","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1995.tb00023.x","article-title":"Increase of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in Swedish school children between 1979 and 1991.","volume":"25","author":"\u212bberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B4","first-page":"3","article-title":"Epidemiology of rhinitis and asthma.","volume":"28","author":"Lundba\u0308ck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B5","first-page":"232","article-title":"Prevalence of allergic diseases in schoolchildren in relation to family history, upper respiratory infections, and residential characteristics.","volume":"51","author":"\u212bberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(98)90115-9","article-title":"Asthma, type-1-allergy and related conditions in 7- and 8-year-old children in Northern Sweden: prevalence rates and risk factor pattern.","volume":"92","author":"Ro\u0308nmark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902023200502","article-title":"Association of asthma with serum IgE levels and skin reactivity to allergens.","volume":"320","author":"Burrows","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.5.7735590","article-title":"Association of asthma with serum IgE and skin test reactivity to allergens among children living at high altitude.","volume":"151","author":"Sporik","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.6.9704026","article-title":"Sensitization to dust mites as a dominant risk factor for asthma among adolescents living in central Virginia: multiple regression analysis of a population-based study.","volume":"156","author":"Squillace","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.73.5.408","article-title":"Indoor environmental risk factors in young asthmatics: a case control study.","volume":"73","author":"Lindfors","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.4.922","article-title":"Childhood asthma and the indoor environment.","volume":"100","author":"Dekker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.85.4.505","article-title":"Maternal smoking and childhood asthma.","volume":"85","author":"Weitzman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.1999.00044.x","article-title":"Different pattern of risk factors for atopic and nonatopic asthma among children\u2014report from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Study.","volume":"54","author":"Ro\u0308nmark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030349","article-title":"Prospective study of risk factors for early and persistent wheezing in childhood.","volume":"8","author":"Lewis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12061366","article-title":"Birth characteristics and asthma symptoms in young adults: results from a population-based cohort in Norway.","volume":"12","author":"Svanes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91742-X","article-title":"Breast feeding as prophylaxis against atopic disease: prospective follow-up study until 17 years old.","volume":"346","author":"Saarinen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.7.537","article-title":"Asthma from birth to age 23: incidence and relationship to prior and concurrent atopic disease.","volume":"47","author":"Anderson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320301","article-title":"Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life.","volume":"332","author":"Martinez","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483","article-title":"International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods.","volume":"8","author":"Asher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(74)90038-4","article-title":"Epidemiology of asthma and allergic rhinitis in a total community, Tecumseh, Michigan.","volume":"54","author":"Broder","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B21","first-page":"57","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in a general population sample.","volume":"122","author":"Dodge","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.4.888","article-title":"A community based study of the epidemiology of asthma: incidence rates, 1964\u20131983.","volume":"146","author":"Yunginger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.3.260","article-title":"Incidence of asthma in Swedish teenagers: relation to sex and smoking habits.","volume":"50","author":"Larsson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03770.x","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in Swedish teenagers.","volume":"1","author":"Norrman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10010051","article-title":"Comparison of reported prevalences of recent asthma in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.","volume":"10","author":"Sears","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6579.1059","article-title":"Childhood asthma in adult life: a further study at 28 years of age.","volume":"294","author":"Kelly","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.6_Pt_1.1490","article-title":"Risk factors for the persistence of respiratory symptoms in childhood asthma.","volume":"148","author":"Roorda","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13157.x","article-title":"Prognosis of asthma in children: a cohort study into adulthood.","volume":"83","author":"Kjellman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(91)90243-H","article-title":"Findings before diagnosis of asthma in a general population sample.","volume":"6","author":"Burrows","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.72.6.487","article-title":"Risk factors for respiratory symptoms and atopic sensitization in the Baltic area.","volume":"72","author":"Br\u00e5ba\u0308ck","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1999.00534.x","article-title":"Does early exposure to cat or dog protect against later allergy development?","volume":"29","author":"Hesselmar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/21.2.338","article-title":"Pets, allergy and respiratory symptoms in children.","volume":"2","author":"Brunekreef","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.8.675","article-title":"Mite, cat, and cockroach exposure, allergen sensitization, and asthma in children: a case-control study of three schools.","volume":"54","author":"Sporik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70173-9","article-title":"Relevance of allergens from cats and dogs to asthma in the northernmost province of Sweden: schools as a major site of exposure.","volume":"103","author":"Perzanowski","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170200048006","article-title":"Relationship of infant feeding to recurrent wheeze at age six.","volume":"149","author":"Wright","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2021121009391291000_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14a03.x","article-title":"Frequency of infections and risk for asthma, atopy and airway hyperresponsiveness in children.","volume":"14","author":"Mutius von","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/107\/3\/e37\/892212\/e37.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/107\/3\/e37\/892212\/e37.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T05:37:59Z","timestamp":1682746679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/107\/3\/e37\/66067\/Incidence-and-Remission-of-Asthma-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.107.3.e37","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-4275","0031-4005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]}}}