{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T22:48:13Z","timestamp":1783810093458,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To gather clinicopathologic data on subcutaneous granuloma annulare (SGA), a subtype of granuloma annulare that occurs exclusively in children and is histologically similar to rheumatoid nodules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective record review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children &amp;lt;10 years old in whom SGA, deep granuloma annulare, or necrobiotic granuloma was diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) from 1983 to 1998.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-four patients (21 girls and 13 boys; average age at diagnosis: 4.6 years) were found to have SGA. The lesions predominantly occurred in the lower extremity, especially in a pretibial location. Local recurrence within 1 month to 7 years was documented in 38.2%; recurrence at other locations was documented in 14.7%. Average follow-up was 60 months; during follow-up, no patients developed signs or symptoms of rheumatologic disease. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 2 patients, 1 before the development of SGA and 1 after it by 1 month.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title><jats:p>SGA is a lesion that presents as subcutaneous nodules on the lower extremities, hands, or scalp in young children. Recurrence is common but usually does not warrant additional biopsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.3.e42","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:55:51Z","timestamp":1092441351000},"page":"e42-e42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Subcutaneous Granuloma Annulare in Childhood: Clinicopathologic Features in 34 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Grogg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 From the Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio G.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 From the Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 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