{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T23:12:15Z","timestamp":1774566735610,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective.<\/jats:title>\n Although identification and appropriate treatment of children with latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is considered critical to the control and elimination of TB in the United States, there are limited data on risk factors for LTBI in pediatric populations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods.<\/jats:title>\n To further improve targeted screening for LTBI, we performed a matched case\u2013control study from September 1996 to December 1998. We actively surveyed 24 primary care clinics serving Northern Manhattan and Harlem twice monthly for case participants 1 to 5 years old with LTBI, defined as a child with a Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) \u226510 mm and a normal chest radiograph. Two age- and clinic-matched control participants with TSTs equal to 0 mm were enrolled per case. To determine risk factors for LTBI, a bilingual research worker reviewed the medical records of study participants and administered a questionnaire to the parents of participants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results.<\/jats:title>\n We enrolled 96 cases and 192 controls whom did not differ by age, gender, ethnicity, and race; overall, the mean age of participants was 2.9 years, 51% were male, 80% were Hispanic, and 9% black. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that contact with an adult with active TB, foreign birth, foreign travel, and a relative with a positive TST were predictive of case status. In contrast, a history of a previous negative TST proved protective and BCG immunization was not an independent risk factor for a positive TST, suggesting that boosting was not important in this population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n We identified several risk factors for LTBI in children that can be used to refine targeted surveillance for TB among Hispanic immigrant populations in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.5.999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:55:51Z","timestamp":1092441351000},"page":"999-1003","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Risk Factors for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Children in New York City"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Saiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo San","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joann","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miosotis Pimentel","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kenyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Onorato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121009420201000_B1","first-page":"5221","article-title":"Targeted tuberculin screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection.","volume":"161","author":"Joint Statement by the American Thoracic Society and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2021121009420201000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.5.8173779","article-title":"Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children.","volume":"149","author":"American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and 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