{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:43:46Z","timestamp":1790981026122,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective.<\/jats:title>\n There have been indications that high intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during pregnancy may increase birth weight and gestational length. In addition, n-3 long-chain PUFAs may be important for the neurobiological development of the infants. High levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) are found in the gray matter of the cerebral cortex and in the retina, and it seems as if the availability of long-chain PUFAs may be limiting cerebral development. The fetus and the newborn are dependent on a high supply from their mothers, either via the placenta or via breast milk. We supplemented pregnant and lactating women with n-3 or n-6 long-chain PUFAs to evaluate the effect on birth weight, gestational length, and infant development.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design.<\/jats:title>\n We performed a double-blind, randomized study recruiting 590 pregnant, healthy, nulli- or primiparous women (19\u201335 years old) in weeks 17 to 19 of pregnancy. The women were provided 10 mL of either cod liver oil or corn oil daily until 3 months after delivery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main outcome measures.<\/jats:title>\n Primary outcomes were gestational length and birth weight. Electroencephalography (EEG) was done on the second day of life and at 3 months of age. Novelty preference (Fagan test) was used as an indicator of cognitive function at 6 and 9 months of age. The fatty acid pattern in umbilical plasma phospholipids and in breast milk was measured, and dietary assessments were performed, both on the mothers during pregnancy and on the infants at 3 months of age. The growth of the infants was followed up to 1 year of age.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results.<\/jats:title>\n Three hundred forty-one mothers took part in the study until delivery. There were no significant differences in maternal body mass index before pregnancy and at birth, or parity between the 2 groups. Smoking habits and parental education were also similar in the 2 groups. The mean age of the mothers receiving cod liver oil was, by chance, 1 year higher than the age of the mothers receiving corn oil (28.6 [3.4] vs 27.6 [3.2] years). The maternal dietary intake in the 2 groups receiving cod liver oil or corn oil was similar, except for the supplementation. There were no differences in gestational length or birth weight between the cod liver oil group and the corn oil group (279.6 [9.2] vs 279.2 [9.3] days; 3609 [493] vs 3618 [527] g, respectively). Birth length, head circumference, and placental weight were also similar in the 2 groups. The concentrations of the n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3), and DHA in umbilical plasma phospholipids were higher in the cod liver oil group compared with the corn oil group (10.8 [7.6] vs 2.5 [1.8] \u03bcg\/mL, 5.0 [2.6] vs 2.9 [1.3] \u03bcg\/mL, 55.8 [20.6] vs 45.3 [12.8] \u03bcg\/mL, respectively). Neonates with high concentration of DHA in umbilical plasma phospholipids (upper quartile) had longer gestational length than neonates with low concentration (lower quartile; 282.5 [8.5] vs 275.4 [9.3] days). No differences in EEG scores or Fagan scores were found, but neonates with mature EEG (N = 70) had a higher concentration of DHA in umbilical plasma phospholipids than neonates with immature EEG (N = 51) on the second day of life. Dietary information from 251 infants at 3 months of age was collected and 85% of these infants were exclusively breastfed, in addition to 12% who were partly breastfed. The breast milk of mothers supplemented with cod liver oil contained more n-3 long-chain PUFAs and less n-6 long-chain PUFAs than breast milk of mothers supplemented with corn oil. There were no significant differences in infant growth during the first year of life between the 2 groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n This study shows neither harmful nor beneficial effects of maternal supplementation of long-chain n-3 PUFAs regarding pregnancy outcome, cognitive development, or growth, as compared with supplementation with n-6 fatty acids. However, it confirms that DHA concentration may be related to gestational length and cerebral maturation of the newborn.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.5.e82","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:55:51Z","timestamp":1092441351000},"page":"e82-e82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":276,"title":["Similar Effects on Infants of n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acids Supplementation to Pregnant and Lactating Women"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Ingrid B.","family":"Helland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Nutrition Research,"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Research, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola Didrik","family":"Saugstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Research, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Saarem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Mo\u0308ller, Avd Orkla ASA; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Solvoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Nutrition Research,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trond","family":"Ganes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Drevon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Nutrition Research,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121003514619000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19900063","article-title":"A possible preventive effect of low-dose fish oil on early delivery and pre-eclampsia: indications from a 50-year-old controlled trial.","volume":"64","author":"Olsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90683-I","article-title":"Gestational age in relation to marine n-3 fatty acids in maternal erythrocytes: a study of women in the Faroe Islands and Denmark.","volume":"164","author":"Olsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(91)90006-Q","article-title":"Essential fatty acids in growth and development.","volume":"30","author":"Innis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81247-8","article-title":"Tissue levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids during early human development.","volume":"120","author":"Martinez","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.1.49","article-title":"Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids are biosynthesized from their 18-carbon precursors in human infants.","volume":"93","author":"Salem","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B6","first-page":"88","article-title":"New insights into the metabolism of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during infancy.","volume":"2","author":"Sauerwald","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200001000-00022","article-title":"Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid formation in neonates: effect of gestational age and intrauterine growth.","volume":"47","author":"Uauy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91035-2","article-title":"Are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids essential nutrients in infancy.","volume":"345","author":"Makrides","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1159\/000242104","article-title":"Essential fatty acids interconversion in the human fetal liver.","volume":"47","author":"Chambaz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00714336","article-title":"Preferential uptake of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by isolated human placental membranes.","volume":"155","author":"Campbell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(97)00087-9","article-title":"Fatty acid transport and metabolism in the feto-placental unit and the role of fatty acid-binding proteins.","volume":"8","author":"Dutta-Roy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(98)00267-7","article-title":"Placental membrane fatty acid-binding protein preferentially binds arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids.","volume":"63","author":"Campbell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.1.315s","article-title":"Transport mechanisms for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the human placenta.","volume":"71","author":"Dutta-Roy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(90)90031-D","article-title":"Biochemical EFA status of mothers and their neonates after normal pregnancy.","volume":"24","author":"Al","year":"1990","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02637073","article-title":"Increased docosahexaenoic acid levels in human newborn infants by administration of sardines and fish oil during pregnancy.","volume":"31","author":"Connor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(81)90016-5","article-title":"Fatty acid utilization in perinatal de novo synthesis of tissues.","volume":"5","author":"Clandinin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(88)90055-2","article-title":"Long-chain n-3 fatty acids in breast milk of Inuit women consuming traditional foods.","volume":"18","author":"Innis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.4.780","article-title":"Will dietary omega-3 fatty acids change the composition of human milk?","volume":"40","author":"Harris","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02535865","article-title":"Effect of fish oil on the fatty acid composition of human milk and maternal and infant erythrocytes.","volume":"27","author":"Henderson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600656","article-title":"Fatty acid composition in maternal milk and plasma during supplementation with cod liver oil.","volume":"52","author":"Helland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91329-7","article-title":"Breast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born preterm.","volume":"339","author":"Lucas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(93)90194-Y","article-title":"Breast-feeding and cognitive development.","volume":"31","author":"Rogan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90692-0","article-title":"Neurological differences between 9-year-old children fed breast-milk or formula-milk as babies.","volume":"344","author":"Lanting","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1999.00331.x","article-title":"Duration of breast-feeding and Bayley's Mental Developmental Index at 1 year of age.","volume":"35","author":"Paine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B25","first-page":"2365","article-title":"Retinal development in very-low-birth-weight infants fed diets differing in omega-3 fatty acids.","volume":"33","author":"Birch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/58.1.35","article-title":"Visual-acuity development in healthy preterm infants: effect of marine-oil supplementation.","volume":"58","author":"Carlson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199508000-00021","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental quotient of healthy term infants at 4 months and feeding practice: the role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.","volume":"38","author":"Agostoni","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11374-5","article-title":"Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant formula on problem solving at 10 months of age.","volume":"352","author":"Willatts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1159\/000012728","article-title":"Fatty acid composition of the Belgian diet: estimates derived from the Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health.","volume":"42","author":"Staessen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1159\/000012803","article-title":"Australian food sources and intakes of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.","volume":"43","author":"Ollis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000017247","article-title":"Breast-feeding practice in Norway 1860\u20131984.","volume":"20","author":"Liestol","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biosoc Sci"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90533-9","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of effect of fish-oil supplementation on pregnancy duration.","volume":"339","author":"Olsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B33","first-page":"809","article-title":"Accuracy of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire applied in elderly Norwegian women.","volume":"46","author":"Nes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B34","first-page":"150","article-title":"A quantitative food frequency questionnaire evaluated in a group of dermatologic outpatients.","volume":"37","author":"Solvoll","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.3.305","article-title":"Very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids as biomarkers for intake of fish and n-3 fatty acid concentrates.","volume":"64","author":"Andersen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199002000-00025","article-title":"Gas chromatographic procedure for measuring total lipid in breast.","volume":"10","author":"Clark","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr."},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(58)90053-1","article-title":"Report of the committee on methods of clinical examination in electroencephalography.","volume":"10","author":"Jasper","year":"1958","journal-title":"Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B38"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B39"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0193-3973(92)90028-G","article-title":"The Fagan test of infant intelligence: a technical summary.","volume":"13","author":"Fagan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Applied Dev Psychol"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09059.x","article-title":"A randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of fish oil in high risk pregnancy.","volume":"102","author":"Onwude","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13235.x","article-title":"Randomised clinical trials of fish oil supplementation in high risk pregnancies. Fish Oil Trials In Pregnancy (FOTIP) Team.","volume":"107","author":"Olsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJOG."},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199701000-00001","article-title":"Visual acuity, erythrocyte fatty acid composition, and growth in term infants fed formulas with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for one year. Ross Pediatric Lipid Study","volume":"41","author":"Auestad","year":"1997","journal-title":". Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B44"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02314-4","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of infant-formula milk: a randomised trial.","volume":"354","author":"Lucas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.76.5.421","article-title":"Developmental quotient at 24 months and fatty acid composition of diet in early infancy: a follow up study.","volume":"76","author":"Agostoni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B47"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600446","article-title":"Effect of increasing breast milk docosahexaenoic acid on plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acids and neural indices of exclusively breast fed infants.","volume":"51","author":"Gibson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.4.525","article-title":"Breast-feeding and cognitive development: a meta-analysis.","volume":"70","author":"Anderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02535870","article-title":"First year growth of preterm infants fed standard compared to marine oil n-3 supplemented formula.","volume":"27","author":"Carlson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.5.687","article-title":"Effect of long-chain n-3 fatty acid supplementation on visual acuity and growth of preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.","volume":"63","author":"Carlson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6300(1999)11:4<457::AID-AJHB5>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Effect of DHA-containing formula on growth of preterm infants to 59 weeks of postmenstrual age.","volume":"11","author":"Ryan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.3.468","article-title":"Dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids do not influence growth of term infants: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"104","author":"Makrides","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19950175","article-title":"Essential fatty acid status in neonates after fish-oil supplementation during late pregnancy.","volume":"74","author":"van Houwelingen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B55","first-page":"352","article-title":"Effect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on breast milk composition.","volume":"50","author":"Makrides","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00243-7","article-title":"Intake of long chain w3 polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy and the influence of levels in the mother on newborn levels.","volume":"83","author":"Matorras","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(98)00077-X","article-title":"Recent trends in infant nutrition.","volume":"14","author":"Lawson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B58"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.2.301","article-title":"Acute effects of dietary fatty acids on the fatty acids of human milk.","volume":"67","author":"Francois","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb01206.x","article-title":"Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk and brain growth during early infancy.","volume":"89","author":"Xiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000177636","article-title":"Arachidonic acid and early human growth: is there a relation?","volume":"35","author":"Koletzko","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01069.x","article-title":"Composition of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk and growth of young infants in rural areas of northern China.","volume":"88","author":"Xiang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2021121003514619000_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02522415","article-title":"Arachidonic acid supply and metabolism in human infants born at full term.","volume":"31","author":"Koletzko","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lipids"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/108\/5\/e82\/892335\/pe11010000k1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/108\/5\/e82\/892335\/pe11010000k1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T11:15:45Z","timestamp":1639134945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/108\/5\/e82\/63669\/Similar-Effects-on-Infants-of-n-3-and-n-6-Fatty"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.108.5.e82","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-4275","0031-4005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]}}}