{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:22:59Z","timestamp":1792790579479,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. Despite cultural pressure to wean when a new pregnancy occurs, some women choose to continue breastfeeding. We determined the effect of an overlap of lactation and late pregnancy on breastfeeding and growth in early infancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods. We studied 133 Peruvian pregnant women who were \u226518 years of age, had a child &amp;lt;4 years old, and who then had a vaginal birth with a healthy, normal weight infant. Of the 133 women, 68 breastfed during the last trimester of pregnancy (BFP), and 65 had not breastfed during pregnancy (NBFP). On day 2 and at 1-month postpartum, 24-hour intake of breast milk and other liquids was measured. Twice weekly home surveillance documented infant morbidity and dietary intakes. Anthropometry was taken at birth and at 1 month. Maternal anthropometric, health, and socioeconomic status data were collected pre- and postpartum.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results. Pregnant BFP mothers breastfed 5.3 \u00b1 4.3 times\/day. BFP and NBFP infants did not differ in breastfeeding behavior or in colostrum intake on day 2. BFP infants breastfed longer per feed and per 24 hours (35.2 minutes\/24 hours) than did NBFP infants; however, 1-month intakes per feed tended to be lower among the BFP infants. After controlling for confounders, BFP infants gained 125 g less than did NBFP infants (about 15% of mean weight gain). A sustained decline would result in a \u22120.7 z score change in weight-for-age by 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions. A lactation-pregnancy overlap had a negative effect on early infant outcomes. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the effect continues past 1 month of age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.4.e56","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:17:55Z","timestamp":1092442675000},"page":"e56-e56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Postpartum Consequences of an Overlap of Breastfeeding and Pregnancy: Reduced Breast Milk Intake and Growth During Early Infancy"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Grace S.","family":"Marquis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Penny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigacio\u0301n Nutricional, Lima, Peru."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith M.","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigacio\u0301n Nutricional, Lima, Peru."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Margot","family":"Mari\u0301n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigacio\u0301n Nutricional, Lima, Peru."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121006205787400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveros C, Marquis GS, Ormsby G, Rudatsikira E. Maternal lactation: a qualitative analysis of the breastfeeding habits and beliefs of pregnant women living in Lima, Peru. Int Q Community Health Educ.1998\u201399;18:415\u2013434","DOI":"10.2190\/WC88-EQGT-T187-X9YP"},{"key":"2021121006205787400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dettwyler KA. Breastfeeding and weaning in Mali: cultural context and hard data. Soc Sci Med.1987;24:633\u2013644","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(87)90306-6"},{"key":"2021121006205787400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wrigley E, Hutchinson S. Long-term breastfeeding: the secret bond. 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