{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:42:23Z","timestamp":1790869343452,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To determine the independent contributions to infant birth size of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and leptin measured in umbilical cord plasma.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods. Umbilical cord blood was collected in 12 804 consecutive deliveries, and cord plasma from 585 singleton infants born at term after uncomplicated pregnancies was analyzed for leptin, IGF-I, and 2 IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3). In multivariable analyses, we assessed maternal and infant covariates of leptin and IGF-I, and we evaluated the independent contribution of cord levels of leptin and IGF-I on infant birth size.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results. Cord plasma levels of IGF-I were lower in women who reported smoking at the beginning of pregnancy compared with nonsmokers. In female infants, levels of IGF-I and leptin were higher than in male infants after adjustment for ponderal index and maternal factors. We found a strong parallel increase in umbilical IGF-I and leptin with increasing birth weight and birth length. For IGFBP-1, there was an opposite pattern: IGFBP-1 increased with decreasing birth size. The multivariable analysis, adjusted for length of gestation and maternal age, parity, prepregnancy weight, smoking during pregnancy, and offspring sex, showed that IGF-I and leptin, independent of each other, were associated with birth weight and birth length.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions. Levels of IGF-I and leptin in umbilical cord plasma were higher in girls than in boys, but in both sexes, these 2 factors contributed independently and positively to birth weight and length. For IGFBP-1, high levels were associated with low birth weight and reduced length. If intrauterine growth is related to the risk of developing adult diseases, IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and leptin may be involved in the underlying processes.1131\u20131135 insulin like growth factors, leptin, umbilical cord plasma, birth weight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.6.1131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:17:55Z","timestamp":1092442675000},"page":"1131-1135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Leptin in Umbilical Cord Plasma and Infant Birth Size at Term"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Lars J.","family":"Vatten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stein Tore","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rogaland Central Hospital, Stavanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00f8nnaug A.","family":"\u00d8dega\u030ard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pa\u030al R.","family":"Romundstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rigmor","family":"Austgulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121006270808700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker DJP. 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