{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:26:42Z","timestamp":1774686402611,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The clinical diagnosis of dysmetabolic syndrome in an adult defines a patient with abnormal glucose metabolism (or diabetes), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. This disorder accelerates atherosclerosis and significantly raises the risk for cardiovascular events. With the marked rise in the prevalence of obesity in childhood, obesity-linked risk factors are being expressed at young ages. The case of a 12-year-old girl with dysmetabolic syndrome is described and discussed. Emerging clinical data now indicate that the presence of 1 risk factor for cardiovascular disease in an overweight child should prompt screening for additional clinical abnormalities, with the aim of finding treatable disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.1.e14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:17:55Z","timestamp":1092442675000},"page":"e14-e14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Dysmetabolic Syndrome: Multiple Risk Factors for Premature Adult Disease in an Adolescent Girl"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Bonita","family":"Falkner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"},{"name":"Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Alfred I. Dupont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Hassink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Alfred I. Dupont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Alfred I. Dupont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Gidding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Alfred I. Dupont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121006215029600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Agostino RB, Grundy S, Sullivan LM, Wilson P. Validation of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction scores: results of a multiple ethnic groups investigation. JAMA.2001;286:180\u2013187","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.2.180"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pathobiologic Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Writing Group. Relationship of atherosclerosis in young men to serum lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and smoking: a preliminary report from the PDAY research group. JAMA.1990;264:3018\u20133024","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.264.23.3018"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W, Newman WP, Tracy RE, Wattigney WA. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. N Engl J Med.1998:338:1650\u20131656","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806043382302"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gidding SS, Bookstein LC, Chomka EV. Usefulness of electron beam tomography in adolescents and young adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Circulation.1998;98:2580\u20132583","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.23.2580"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2001. NIH Publication 01-3670","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes.1988;37:1595\u20131607","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.12.1595"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults. JAMA.2002;287:356\u2013359","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.3.356"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med.1997;157:2413\u20132446","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.157.21.2413"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Expert Panel on Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA.2001;285:2486\u20132498","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on Hypertension Control in Children and Adolescents. Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: a working group report from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Pediatrics.1996;98:649\u2013658","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.4.649"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Report of the Expert Committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care.1998;21:S5\u2013S19","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.1.S5"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"deSimone G, Devereux RB, Daniels SR, Koren MJ, Meyer RA, Laragh JH. Effect of growth on variability of left ventricular mass: assessment of allometric signals in adults and children and their capacity to predict cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol.1995;25:1056\u20131062","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00540-7"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rocchini AP. Adolescent obesity and hypertension. Pediatr Clin North Am.1993;60:81\u201392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)38482-6"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke WR, Woolson RF, Lauer RM. Changes in ponderosity and blood pressure in childhood: the Muscatine Study. Am J Epidemiol.1986;124:195\u2013206","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114378"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epstein LH, Valoski A Wing RR, McCurley J. Ten-year outcomes of behavioral family-based treatment for childhood obesity. Health Psychol.1994:13:373\u2013383","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.13.5.373"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, et al, for the DASH Collaborative Research Group. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood Pressure. N Engl J Med.1997;336:1117\u20131124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704173361601"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yusuf S, Gerstein H, Hoogwerf B, et al, for the HOPE Study Investigators. Ramipril and the development of diabetes. JAMA.2001;286:1882\u20131885","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.15.1882"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinha R, Fisch G, Teague, et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity. N Engl J Med.2002;346:802\u2013810","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012578"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shuldiner AR, Yang R, Gong D. Resistin, obesity, and insulin resistance: the emerging role of the adipocyte as an endocrine organ. N Engl J Med.2001;345:1345\u20131346","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200111013451814"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R20","unstructured":"Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson J, et al, for the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group. Prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med.2001;344:1343\u20131350"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gidding SS, Bao W, Srinivasan S, Berenson GS. Effects of secular trends in obesity on coronary risk factors in children: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Pediatr.1995;127:868\u2013874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70020-X"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics. National Cholesterol Education Program: report of the expert panel on blood cholesterol levels in children and adolescents. Pediatrics.1992;89:525\u2013584","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.3.495"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinaiko AR, Donahue RP, Jacobs DR Jr, Prineas RJ. Relation of weight and rate of increase in weight during childhood and adolescence to body size, blood pressure, fasting insulin, and lipids in young adults. The Minneapolis Children\u2019s Blood Pressure Study. Circulation.1999;99:1471\u20131476","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.11.1471"},{"key":"2021121006215029600_R24","unstructured":"Falkner B, Michel S. Obesity and other risk factors in children. Ethnicity Dis.1999;9:284\u2013289"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/110\/1\/e14\/1115670\/pe0702000e14.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/110\/1\/e14\/1115670\/pe0702000e14.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T05:35:16Z","timestamp":1682746516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/110\/1\/e14\/64115\/Dysmetabolic-Syndrome-Multiple-Risk-Factors-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.110.1.e14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]}}}