{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:24:40Z","timestamp":1767666280568,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The number of births, the crude birth rate (14.5 in 2001), and the fertility rate (67.2 in 2001) all declined slightly (by 1% or less) from 2000 to 2001. Fertility rates were highest for Hispanic women (107.4), followed by Native American (70.7), Asian or Pacific Islander (69.4), black (69.3), and non-Hispanic white women (58.0). During the early to mid 1990s, fertility declined for non-Hispanic white, black, and American Indian women. Rates for these population groups have changed relatively little since 1995; however, fertility has increased for Asian or Pacific Islander and Hispanic women.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The birth rate for teen mothers continued to fall, dropping 5% from 2000 to 2001 to 45.9 births per 1000 females aged 15 to 19 years, another record low. The teen birth rate has fallen 26% since 1991; declines were more rapid (35%) for younger teens aged 15 to 17 years than for older teens aged 18 to 19 years (20%). The proportion of all births to unmarried women remained about the same at one-third. Smoking during pregnancy continued to decline; smoking rates were highest among teen mothers.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The use of timely prenatal care increased slightly to 83.4% in 2001. From 1990 to 2001, the use of timely prenatal care increased by 6% (to 88.5%) for non-Hispanic white women, by 23% (to 74.5%) for black women, and by 26% (to 75.7%) for Hispanic women. The number and rate of twin births continued to rise, but the triplet\/+ birth rate declined for the second year in a row. For the first year in almost a decade, the preterm birth rate declined (to 11.6%); however, the low birth weight rate was unchanged at 7.6%. The total cesarean delivery rate jumped 7% from 2000 to 2001 to 24.4% of all births, the highest level reported since these data became available on birth certificates (1989). The primary cesarean rate rose 5%, whereas the rate of vaginal birth after a previous cesarean delivery tumbled 20%.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>In 2001, the provisional infant mortality rate was 6.9 per 1000 live births, the same as in 2000. Racial differences in infant mortality remain a major public health concern, with the rate for infants of black mothers 2.5 times those for infants of non-Hispanic white or Hispanic mothers. In 2000, 66% of all infant deaths occurred among the 7.6% of infants born low birth weight. Among all states, Maine and Massachusetts had the lowest infant mortality rates. The United States continues to rank poorly in international comparisons of infant mortality.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The provisional death rate in 2001 was 8.7 deaths per 1000 population, the same as the 2000 final rate. In 2000, unintentional injuries and homicide remained the leading and second-leading causes of death for children 1 to 19 years of age, although the death rate for homicide decreased by 10% from 1999 to 2000. Among unintentional injuries to children, two-thirds were motor vehicle-related; among homicides, two-thirds were firearm-related.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.6.1037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:17:55Z","timestamp":1092442675000},"page":"1037-1052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Annual Summary of Vital Statistics\u20142001"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Marian F.","family":"MacDorman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arialdi M.","family":"Minino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna M.","family":"Strobino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Guyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guyer B, Hoyert DL, Martin JA, Ventura SJ, MacDorman MF, Strobino DM. 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