{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T14:29:36Z","timestamp":1778509776917,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of urethrovaginal reflux as the cause of daytime incontinence in school-age girls, and to study the characteristic symptoms and the effect of simple instructions intended to amend the problem.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Material and Methods. Girls with urethrovaginal reflux were identified in a group of 169 girls, aged 7 to 15 years, referred to a specialist clinic because of daytime incontinence. They were evaluated by a noninvasive screening protocol, including a careful history and neurourologic examination, bladder diaries, urine analysis, uroflows, and residual urine determined by ultrasound. Girls with urethrovaginal reflux were instructed by a urotherapist on how to achieve better toilet habits.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results. Urethrovaginal reflux was found in 21 (12.4%) of 169 girls as the sole (19) or contributing (2) cause of their daytime urinary incontinence. They all had a typical history of small leakage 5 to 10 minutes after voidings during the day, confirmed by a specific bladder diary. All were neurologically healthy, and all but 2 had a normal bladder function. The latter 2 girls had residual urine and asymptomatic bacteriuria. At follow-up after median 2 years, all girls were free from postmicturition leakage, but the 2 with residual urine remained daytime incontinent with cystometrically proven phasic detrusor overactivity.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions. Urethrovaginal reflux is a common cause of urinary incontinence in girls. The diagnosis is easily obtained by an adequate history, completed with a specific bladder diary. The problem is easily resolved by proper voiding instructions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:43:47Z","timestamp":1092444227000},"page":"136-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Urethrovaginal Reflux\u2014A Common Cause of Daytime Incontinence in Girls"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Sven","family":"Mattsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linko\u0308ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunilla","family":"Gladh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linko\u0308ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120821084812300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hellstro\u0308m A-L, Hansson S, Hansson E, Hja\u0308lma\u030as K, Jodal U. Micturition habits and incontinence in 7-year-old Swedish school entrants. Eur J Pediatr.1990;149:434\u2013437","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02009667"},{"key":"2021120821084812300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattsson S. Urinary incontinence and nocturia in healthy school children. Acta Paediatr.1994;83:950\u2013954","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13179.x"},{"key":"2021120821084812300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bower WF, Moore KH, Shepherd RB, Adams RD. The epidemiology of childhood enuresis in Australia. Br J Urol.1996;78:602\u2013606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1996.13618.x"},{"key":"2021120821084812300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelalis PP, Burke EC, Stickler GB, Hartman GW. Urinary vaginal reflux in children. Pediatrics.1973;51:941\u2013943","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.51.5.941"},{"key":"2021120821084812300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis LA, Chunley WF. The frequency of vaginal reflux during micturition\u2014its possible importance to the interpretation of urine cultures. Pediatrics.1966;38:293\u2013294","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.38.2.293"},{"key":"2021120821084812300_R6","unstructured":"Tamburrini O, Palescandolo P, Bartomoleo-De Iuri A, Dolezalova H, Porta E. Urethro-vaginal reflux. Radiol Med (Torino).1984;70:11\u201312"},{"key":"2021120821084812300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linshaw MA. Controversies in childhood urinary tract infections. World J Urol.1999;17:383\u2013395","DOI":"10.1007\/s003450050164"},{"key":"2021120821084812300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattsson S. Voiding frequency, volumes and intervals in healthy school children. Scand J Urol Nephrol.1994;28:1\u201311","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599409180462"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/111\/1\/136\/1006244\/pe0103000136.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/111\/1\/136\/1006244\/pe0103000136.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T05:45:21Z","timestamp":1682747121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/111\/1\/136\/28501\/Urethrovaginal-Reflux-A-Common-Cause-of-Daytime"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.111.1.136","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]}}}