{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:28:14Z","timestamp":1780068494498,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. In January 1995, a combined maternal and neonatal protocol for prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal (GBS) infection was implemented that consisted of a risk factor-based approach for maternal intrapartum chemoprophylaxis using ampicillin combined with a single intramuscular dose of penicillin given to all newborns within 1 hour of delivery. The objective of this study was to review the cases of early-onset GBS infections that occurred from 1995 to 1999 to identify factors associated with their continued occurrence despite implementation of a GBS chemoprophylaxis protocol.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods. Infants \u226472 hours of age with early-onset GBS infection born at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas from January 1995 to December 1999 were identified through a prospective laboratory-based surveillance system. Maternal and infant medical records were reviewed for clinical and demographic data.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results. There were 32 cases (0.47\/1000 live births) of early-onset GBS infection for the 5-year period. This represented a 76% reduction compared with the rate from 1986 to 1994 (1.95\/1000), when there was no protocol for GBS chemoprophylaxis. Thirteen cases (41%) did not have any identifiable maternal risk factor. Of the 19 cases (59%) with risk factors, maternal intrapartum fever was the most frequent (15 [79%]), followed by prematurity (6 [32%]) and prolonged rupture of membranes (6 [32%]). Among the 19 mothers with risk factors, 15 (79%) mothers received intrapartum chemoprophylaxis, and 12 (80%) of the 15 mothers had intrapartum fever. Only 33% of mothers with risk factors received \u22652 doses of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis, and among those with intrapartum fever, 25% received \u22652 doses. None of the 32 infants with early-onset GBS infection received the combination of intrapartum ampicillin and postnatal penicillin.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions. A combined obstetric and neonatal chemoprophylaxis protocol significantly reduced early-onset GBS infection. Maternal intrapartum fever was the most frequent risk factor associated with failure of chemoprophylaxis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:43:47Z","timestamp":1092444227000},"page":"541-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Early-Onset Group B Streptococcal Infection After a Combined Maternal and Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Chemoprophylaxis Strategy"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Sithembiso","family":"Velaphi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane D.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"George D.","family":"Wendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Cushion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid M.","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo J.","family":"Sa\u0301nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120919025444300_R1","unstructured":"Baker CJ, Edwards MS. 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