{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:11:19Z","timestamp":1791821479113,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. The role of Helicobacter\u2008pylori infection in metabolic control and gastrointestinal symptoms in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) patients has been debated. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of H\u2008pylori, of the more cytotoxic Cag-A-positive strains, and the effects of infection on gastrointestinal symptoms and metabolic control in young DM1 patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Research Design and Methods. H pylori infection was investigated by using the 13C-urea breath test in 121 DM1 patients (65 males, 56 females; mean age: 15 \u00b1 6 years) and 147 matched controls. In positive patients, an assay for specific immunoglobulin G against Cag-A was performed. Glycosylated hemoglobin A, daily insulin requirement, and duration of illness were established; a questionnaire concerning the presence of dyspeptic symptoms was administered.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results. No difference in H pylori infection rate between patients and controls was observed. Thirty-four (28.1%) of 121 patients and 43 (29.25%) of 147 controls were infected. Twenty-one patients and 24 controls were positive for Cag-A. Glycosylated hemoglobin A, daily insulin requirement, and duration of illness were not affected by infection nor by Cag-A status. Among gastrointestinal symptoms, only halitosis was related to H pylori infection, but this association disappeared after correction for age. Positive patients with halitosis showed a worse glycemic control than uninfected patients with halitosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions. H pylori infection and Cag-A-positive strains do not affect metabolic control in DM1 patients. With regard to gastrointestinal symptoms studied, H pylori infection, when present in participants with halitosis, seems to predict a worse metabolic control than in H pylori-negative patients with halitosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:43:47Z","timestamp":1092444227000},"page":"800-803","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Metabolic Control in Young Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Marcello","family":"Candelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donato","family":"Rigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Marietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico C.","family":"Nista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Crea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bartolozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Schiavino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Pignataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolo\u0301 Gentiloni","family":"Silveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121003272416100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maleki D, Locke GR III, Camilleri M, et al. 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