{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T17:09:56Z","timestamp":1788109796237,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. The cohort consisted of 328 very low birth weight infants (600\u20131250 g birth weight) who were enrolled in the low-dose prophylactic indomethacin prevention trial and were intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) negative at 6 postnatal hours. The objective was to determine the effects of both IVH and indomethacin on cognitive, language, and achievement performance at 8 years of age.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods. The cohort was divided into 4 subgroups for analysis: indomethacin plus IVH, indomethacin no IVH, saline plus IVH, and saline with no IVH. The children were evaluated prospectively at 8 years of age with a neurologic assessment, history of school performance, and a battery of cognitive, academic, behavioral, and functional assessments.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results. Children in both IVH groups had more cerebral palsy; more hearing impairment; lower daily living skills scores; lower IQ, vocabulary, and reading and mathematics achievement test scores; and greater educational resource needs. With logistic regression analyses grade 3 to 4 IVH, periventricular leukomalacia and\/or ventriculomegaly, male gender, maternal education, and language spoken in the home contributed to outcomes. No effects of indomethacin or gestational age were identified.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions. Although biological factors including IVH, ventriculomegaly, and periventricular leukomalacia contribute significantly to school age outcomes among very low birth weight survivors at 8 years of age, social and environmental factors including maternal level of education and primary language spoken in the home are also important contributors to outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.e340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:43:47Z","timestamp":1092444227000},"page":"e340-e346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["School-Age Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the Indomethacin Intraventricular Hemorrhage Prevention Trial"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Betty R.","family":"Vohr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter C.","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Westerveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen C.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol H.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Makuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura R.","family":"Ment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"},{"name":"Neurology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121003270512500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hack M, Breslau N, Aram D, Weissman B, Klein N, Borawski-Clark E. 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