{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:39:48Z","timestamp":1790858388975,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To assess the level of immunity to measles, tetanus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in previously immunized children who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and to determine the response to reimmunization.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods. Retrospective review of clinical data from children who have HIV-1 infection and were treated with HAART. Children were included in the analysis when they had a history of immunizations before treatment with HAART; had specific immunoglobulin G levels to tetanus, measles, or Hib measured after starting HAART but before the receipt of additional immunizations; were reimmunized while on HAART; and had postimmunization immunoglobulin G levels available.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results. Nineteen children (median age: 7 years; range: 3\u201314 years) who were treated with 3 to 5 drug HAART regimens for a median of 20 months (range: 8\u201337) met the criteria for at least 1 antigen and were included in this review. Fifteen (79%) of the 19 had plasma RNA levels &amp;lt;50 copies\/mL. The median CD4% before HAART was 26% (range: 1\u201341) and at the time of immunization, 35% (range: 20\u201354). Before reimmunization, 1 (5%) of 18 children had detectable antibody levels to measles, 6 (35%) of 17 had detectable antibody levels to tetanus, and 14 (78%) of 18 had detectable antibody levels to Hib. After immunization, 15 (83%) of 18, 10 (90%) of 11, and 3 (75%) of 4 seroconverted to measles, tetanus, and Hib, respectively. Antibody levels remained detectable after 1 year in the majority of children tested.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions. Consideration should be given to readministering childhood immunizations to children who have HIV infection and are treated successfully with combination antiretroviral therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.e641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:43:47Z","timestamp":1092444227000},"page":"e641-e644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Response to Immunization With Measles, Tetanus, and<i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i>Type b Vaccines in Children Who Have Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and Are Treated With Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Ann J.","family":"Melvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120821114530700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernstein LJ, Ochs HD, Wedgwood RJ, Rubinstein A. 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