{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:21:19Z","timestamp":1787318479552,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Apnea is associated with prostaglandin E1 infusion (PGE1) used in the palliation of ductal-dependent congenital heart lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Hypothesis. Aminophylline is a central respiratory stimulant and will decrease the incidence of PGE1-associated apnea and the need for intubation for apnea in infants with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods. Informed consent was obtained for all patients. In a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, newborn infants with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease were randomized to receive either aminophylline or placebo during initiation and maintenance of PGE1, which was started at 0.01 \u03bcg\/kg\/min and increased to 0.03 \u03bcg\/kg\/min. Aminophylline was given as a bolus dose of 6 mg\/kg before or during initiation of PGE1, and continued at 2 mg\/kg dose every 8 hours for 72 hours. Serum aminophylline levels were checked at 18 and 36 hours. The primary study endpoint was intubation for apnea, with a secondary endpoint of apnea, as defined as acute cessation of breathing with associated hypoxia and bradycardia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results. The study evaluated 42 infants. The 2 groups were similar for gestational age, weight, hematocrit, and use of sedation. In the aminophylline group, serum levels were 7.6 \u00b1 1.2 \u03bcg\/mL. No significant side effects of aminophylline were seen. Infants receiving aminophylline (n = 21) were less likely to have apnea (2 vs 11) or be intubated for apnea (0 vs 6). Length of postoperative stay and survival to discharge were similar between the 2 groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions. Aminophylline was effective for the prevention of apnea and intubation for apnea associated with PGE1 in infants with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.1.e27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T20:43:47Z","timestamp":1092429827000},"page":"e27-e29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Aminophylline for the Prevention of Apnea During Prostaglandin E1 Infusion"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"D.S.","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Kulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis W.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Charpie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis C.","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin O.","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121003394954200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olley PM, Coceani F, Bodach E. E-type prostaglandins: a new emergency therapy for certain cyanotic congenital heart malformations. Circulation.1976;53:728\u2013731","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.53.4.728"},{"key":"2021121003394954200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coceani F, Olley PM. The response of the ductus arteriosus to prostaglandins. Can J Physiol Pharmacol.1973;51:220\u2013225","DOI":"10.1139\/y73-031"},{"key":"2021121003394954200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis AB, Freed MD, Heymann MA, Roehl SL, Kensey RC. Side effects of therapy with prostaglandin E1 in infants with critical congenital heart disease. Circulation.1981;64:893\u2013898","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.64.5.893"},{"key":"2021121003394954200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuzemko JA, Paala J. Apnoeic attacks in the newborn treated with aminophylline. Arch Dis Child.1973;48:404\u2013406","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.48.5.404"},{"key":"2021121003394954200_R5","unstructured":"Bednarek FJ, Roloff DW. Treatment of apnea of prematurity with aminophylline. Pediatrics.1976;58:335\u2013339"},{"key":"2021121003394954200_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hochwald C, Kennedy K, Chang J, Moya F. A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial comparing two loading doses of aminophylline. J Perinatol.2002;22:275\u2013278","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210737"},{"key":"2021121003394954200_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones RA, Baillie E. Dosage schedule for intravenous aminophylline in apnoea of prematurity, based on pharmacokinetic studies. Arch Dis Child.1979;54:190\u2013193","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.54.3.190"},{"key":"2021121003394954200_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballanyi K, Lalley PM, Hoch B, Richter DW. cAMP-dependent reversal of opioid- and prostaglandin-mediated depression of the isolated respiratory network in newborn rats. J Physiol.1997;504:127\u2013134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.127bf.x"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/112\/1\/e27\/1002581\/pe0703000e27.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/112\/1\/e27\/1002581\/pe0703000e27.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T05:29:31Z","timestamp":1639114171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/112\/1\/e27\/63394\/Aminophylline-for-the-Prevention-of-Apnea-During"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.112.1.e27","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]}}}