{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:37:11Z","timestamp":1789447031332,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. Preterm infants, especially those with chronic lung disease (CLD), are considered more susceptible to severe respiratory illness from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection than healthy term infants, and are therefore targeted for prophylactic administration of immune globulins. The impact of this practice on the more severe cases of bronchiolitis (ie, pediatric intensive care unit [PICU] admission, mechanical ventilation, mortality) has not been reported to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate PICU admissions, need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality attributable to RSV bronchiolitis in Israel before the introduction of RSV prophylaxis to the country.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Design and Setting. Prospective survey of 11 PICUs in Israel during the RSV season (November 2000-March 2001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patients. All patients admitted to the PICU because of bronchiolitis, and the subgroups who needed mechanical ventilation or who died, were analyzed for known risk factors, namely, prematurity, CLD, and chronic oxygen dependence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results. A total of 105 patients with RSV bronchiolitis met the inclusion criteria, of whom 33 were mechanically ventilated. Most of the patients (84% total admission, 88% ventilated) were born after 32 weeks\u2019 gestation, and 89% and 88%, respectively, did not have CLD. Only 16% and 9%, respectively, met any of the American Academy of Pediatrics criteria for RSV prophylaxis, such that 84% of the whole sample and 91% of the ventilated patients were not candidates for RSV prophylaxis. Five patients died, 2 of them with cyanotic heart disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions. Most of the infants with severe RSV bronchiolitis were born at term and did not have CLD. The great majority of patients admitted to the PICU for bronchiolitis were not candidates for RSV prophylaxis. Administration of RSV prophylaxis to the predefined high-risk population could be expected to yield no significant change in PICU admissions or number of infants needing mechanical ventilation. New risk-stratified guidelines for RSV prophylaxis are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.3.548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T20:43:47Z","timestamp":1092429827000},"page":"548-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Admission to the Intensive Care Unit for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis: A National Survey Before Palivizumab Use"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Dario","family":"Prais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics C"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommy","family":"Schonfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqva, Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Amir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics C"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Israeli RSV Monitoring Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120820234531300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall CB. Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus. N Engl J Med.2001;344:1917\u20131928","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106213442507"},{"key":"2021120820234531300_R2","unstructured":"Groothuis JR, Gutierrez KM, Lauer BA. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics.1988;82:199\u2013203"},{"key":"2021120820234531300_R3","unstructured":"Cunningham CK, McMillan JA, Gross SJ. Rehospitalization for respiratory illness in infants less than 32 weeks\u2019 gestation. Pediatrics.1991;88:527\u2013532"},{"key":"2021120820234531300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groothuis JR, Simoes EA, Levin MJ, et al. Prophylactic administration of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin to high-risk infants and young children. N Engl J Med.1993;329:1524\u20131530","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199311183292102"},{"key":"2021120820234531300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The PREVENT Study Group. 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Pediatrics.1998;102:1211\u20131216","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.5.1211"},{"key":"2021120820234531300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas M, Bedford-Russell A, Sharland M. Hospitalization for RSV infection in ex-preterm infants\u2014implications for the use of RSV immune globulin. Arch Dis Child.2000;83:122\u2013127","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.83.2.122"},{"key":"2021120820234531300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swenson PD, Kaplan MH. Rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates by a commercial enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol.1986;23:485\u2013488","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.23.3.485-488.1986"},{"key":"2021120820234531300_R10","unstructured":"Very Low Birth Weight Children in Israel. Annual National Report. Tel Hashomer, Israel: Israel Disease Control Center, Israel Neonatal Network; 2002"},{"key":"2021120820234531300_R11","unstructured":"Stevens TP, Sinkin RA, Hall CB, Maiscalco WM, McConnochie KM. Respiratory syncytial virus and premature infants born at 32 weeks\u2019 gestation or early. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.2000;154:55\u201361"},{"key":"2021120820234531300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark SJ, Beresford MW, Subjedar NV, Shaw NJ. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants and the potential of prophylaxis in a United Kingdom cohort. Arch Dis Child.2000;83:313\u2013316","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.83.4.313"},{"key":"2021120820234531300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang EEL, Law BJ, Stephans D, and other members of PICNIC. Pediatric investigators collaborative network on infections in Canada (PICNIC) prospective study of risk factors and outcomes in patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial viral lower respiratory tract infection. J Pediatr.1995;126:212\u2013219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70547-3"},{"key":"2021120820234531300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnold SA, Wang EEL, Law BJ, et al. 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