{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:38:01Z","timestamp":1791020281588,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To clarify the sequence of cytokines and inflammatory cells in enteroviral meningitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from 86 patients who received a diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis after detection of the enteroviral genome in the CSF using polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-one of 86 patients had repeated lumbar punctures. Cytokine concentrations were measured acutely and in 32 samples collected during recovery.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results. The proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, and interferon-\u03b3) were detected at significantly higher concentrations during the acute phase when enteroviral genomes were present. Proinflammatory cytokines decreased to normal levels in the recovery phase when enteroviral genomes disappeared. Anti-inflammatory concentrations (IL-10 and transforming growth factor-\u03b21) were significantly higher in the recovery phase than in the acute phase. Of the 86 CSF samples collected in the acute phase, 11 had no pleocytosis (&amp;lt;10 white blood cells\/mm3). In 7 of those 11 CSF samples, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were as high as those in the 75 samples with pleocytosis (\u226510 white blood cells\/mm3). Seven patients were considered to be in the initial stage of their illness when production of proinflammatory cytokines were high but leukocytes had not yet infiltrated the cerebrospinal cavity.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions. The inflammatory process observed in human enteroviral meningitis is comparable with that observed in animal models: 1) infection induces proinflammatory cytokine production, followed by infiltration of white blood cells into the infected area, and 2) inflammation is terminated by the anti-inflammatory cytokines that are produced when pathogens are eliminated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.5.1103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:43:47Z","timestamp":1092444227000},"page":"1103-1107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Cytokine and Cellular Inflammatory Sequence in Enteroviral Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Masatoki","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuaki","family":"Hosoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Honzumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikako","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jyusendo General Hospital, Koriyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Ninomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jyusendo General Hospital, Koriyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Shigeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120820300879900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curfs JHA, Meis JFGM, Hoogkamp-Korstanje JAA. 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