{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:38:27Z","timestamp":1792791507596,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. Bullying and being bullied have been recognized as health problems for children because of their association with adjustment problems, including poor mental health and more extreme violent behavior. It is therefore important to understand how bullying and being bullied affect the well-being and adaptive functioning of youth. We sought to use multiple data sources to better understand the psychological and social problems exhibited by bullies, victims, and bully-victims.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Design, Setting, and Participants. Analysis of data from a community sample of 1985 mostly Latino and black 6th graders from 11 schools in predominantly low socioeconomic status urban communities (with a 79% response rate).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Main Outcome Measures. Peer reports of who bullies and who is victimized, self-reports of psychological distress, and peer and teacher reports of a range of adjustment problems.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results. Twenty-two percent of the sample was classified as involved in bullying as perpetrators (7%), victims (9%), or both (6%). Compared with other students, these groups displayed school problems and difficulties getting along with classmates. Despite increased conduct problems, bullies were psychologically strongest and enjoyed high social standing among their classmates. In contrast, victims were emotionally distressed and socially marginalized among their classmates. Bully-victims were the most troubled group, displaying the highest level of conduct, school, and peer relationship problems.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions. To be able to intervene with bullying, it is important to recognize the unique problems of bullies, victims, and bully-victims. In addition to addressing these issues directly with their patients, pediatricians can recommend school-wide antibullying approaches that aim to change peer dynamics that support and maintain bullying.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.6.1231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:43:47Z","timestamp":1092444227000},"page":"1231-1237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":686,"title":["Bullying Among Young Adolescents: The Strong, the Weak, and the Troubled"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Jaana","family":"Juvonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rand, Santa Monica, California"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121003463308600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spivak H, Prothrow-Stith D. The need to address bullying\u2014an important component of violence prevention. JAMA.2001;285:2131\u20132132","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.16.2131"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forero R, McLellan L, Rissel C, Bauman A. Bullying behaviour and psychosocial health among school students in New South Wales, Australia: cross sectional survey. BMJ.1999;319:344\u2013348","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7206.344"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaltiala-Heino R, Rimpela\u0308 M, Rantanen P, Rimpela\u0308 A. Bullying at school\u2014an indicator of adolescents at risk for mental disorders. J Adolesc.2000;23:661\u2013674","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.2000.0351"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumpulainen K, Ra\u0308sa\u0308nen E. Children involved in bullying at elementary school age: their psychiatric symptoms and deviance in adolescence. An epidemiological sample. Child Abuse Negl.2000;24:1567\u20131577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00210-6"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nansel TR, Overpeck M, Pilla RS, Ruan WJ, Simons-Morton B, Scheidt P. Bullying behaviors among US youth: prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. JAMA.2001;285:2094\u20132100","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.16.2094"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sourander A, Helstela\u0308 L, Helenius H, Piha J. Persistence of bullying from childhood to adolescence\u2014a longitudinal 8-year follow-up study. Child Abuse Negl.2000;24:873\u2013881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00146-0"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R7","unstructured":"Olweus D. Aggression in the Schools: Bullies and Whipping Boys. Washington, DC: Hemisphere; 1978"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R8","unstructured":"CNN. What are kids saying about violence? Survey: emotional abuse a bigger concern than physical. July 30, 2002. Available at: http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2002\/HEALTH\/parenting\/07\/30\/young.bullies. Accessed September 11, 2002"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R9","unstructured":"Vossekuil B, Fein R, Reddy M, Borum R, Modzeleski W. The Final Report and Findings of the Safe School Initiative: Implications for the Prevention of School Attacks in the United States. Washington, DC: US Department of Education, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Safe and Drug-Free Schools Program, and US Secret Service; 2002"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bond L, Carlin JB, Thomas L, Rubin K, Patton G. Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers. BMJ.2001;323:480\u2013484","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7311.480"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morison P, Masten AS. Peer reputation in middle childhood as a predictor of adaptation in adolescence: a seven-year follow-up. Child Dev.1991;62:991\u20131007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01585.x"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masten AS, Morison P, Pellegrini DS. A revised class play method of peer assessment. Dev Psychol.1985;21:523\u2013533","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.21.3.523"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perry DG, Kusel SJ, Perry LC. Victims of peer aggression. Dev Psychol.1988;24:807\u2013814","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.24.6.807"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowen EL, Pederson A, Babigian H, Izzo LD, Trost MA. Long-term follow-up of early detected vulnerable children. J Consult Clin Psychol.1973;41:438\u2013446","DOI":"10.1037\/h0035373"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lipsey MW, Derzon JH. Predictors of violent or serious delinquency in adolescence and early adulthood: a synthesis of longitudinal research. In: Loeber R, Farrington DP, eds. Serious & Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc; 1998:86\u2013105","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452243740.n6"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graham S, Juvonen J. Self-blame and peer victimization in middle school: an attributional analysis. Dev Psychol.1998;34:587\u2013538","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.34.3.587"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R17","unstructured":"Kovacs M. Children\u2019s Depression Inventory. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems; 1992"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"La Greca AM, Lopez N. Social anxiety among adolescents: linkages with peer relations and friendships. J Abnorm Psychol.1998;26:83\u201394","DOI":"10.1037\/t05765-000"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asher SR, Wheeler VA. Children\u2019s loneliness: a comparison of rejected and neglected peer status. J Consult Clin Psychol.1985;53:500\u2013505","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.53.4.500"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cairns RB, Leung MC, Gest SD, Cairns BD. A brief method for assessing social development: structure, reliability, stability, and developmental validity of the interpersonal competence scale. Behav Res Ther.1995;33:725\u2013736","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(95)00004-H"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R21","unstructured":"Wellborn JG, Connell JP. Engagement Versus Disaffection: Motivated Patterns of Action in the Academic Domain. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester; 1991"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R22","unstructured":"Hymel S, Wagner E, Butler LJ. Reputational bias: view from the peer group. In: Asher SR, Coie JD, eds. Peer Rejection in Childhood. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 1990:156\u2013186"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R23","unstructured":"Harter S. The development of self-representations. In: Eisenberg N, Damon W, eds. Handbook of Child Psychology. 5th ed. Vol. 3. Social, Emotional, and Personality Development. New York, NY: Wiley; 1998: 553\u2013617"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartup WW. The company they keep: friendships and their developmental significance. Child Dev.1996;67:1\u201313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01714.x"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R25","unstructured":"Olweus D. Bully\/victim problems among school children: some basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. In: Pepler D, Rubin K, eds. The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1991:411\u2013418"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olweus D. Bullying at school: basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. J Child Psychol Psychiatry.1994;35:1171\u20131190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01229.x"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R27","unstructured":"Salmivalli C. Group view on victimization\u2014empirical findings and their implications. In: Juvonen J, Graham S, eds. Peer Harassment in School: The Plight of the Vulnerable and Victimized. New York, NY: Guilford; 2001:398\u2013419"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R28","unstructured":"Olweus D. Bullying at School: What We Know and What We Can Do. Malden, MA: Blackwell; 1993"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loeber R, Hay D. Key issues in the development of aggression and violence from childhood to early adulthood. Annu Rev Psychol.1997;48:371\u2013410","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.48.1.371"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R30","unstructured":"Kaiser Family Foundation, Children Now, Nickelodeon. Talking with kids about tough issues: a national survey of parents and kids. 2001. Available at: http:\/\/www.kff.org\/content\/2001\/3105\/summary.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2003"},{"key":"2021121003463308600_R31","unstructured":"American Medical Association. AMA promotes anti-bullying steps. 2002. Available at: http:\/\/www.jointogether.org\/gv\/news\/summaries\/print\/0,2060,551988,00.html. Accessed March 31, 2003"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/112\/6\/1231\/1102513\/zpe01203001231.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/112\/6\/1231\/1102513\/zpe01203001231.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T11:00:27Z","timestamp":1639134027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/112\/6\/1231\/63549\/Bullying-Among-Young-Adolescents-The-Strong-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.112.6.1231","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]}}}