{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:04:05Z","timestamp":1787238245318,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.6.1415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T20:43:47Z","timestamp":1092429827000},"page":"1415-1419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Resolving Our Uncertainty About Oxygen Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Cynthia H.","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine
 The Floating Hospital for Children
 Tufts University School of Medicine
 Boston, MA 02111
 Pulse Oximetry Saturation Trial for Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity (POST ROP) Planning Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
 Keck School of Medicine
 University of Southern California
 Los Angeles, CA 90048
 POST ROP Planning Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Tarnow-Mordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney at Westmead
 New South Whales 2145, Australia
 POST ROP Planning Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale L.","family":"Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
 Rochester, NY 14642
 POST ROP Planning Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121003474944500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tin W. Oxygen therapy: 50 years of uncertainty. Pediatrics.2002;110:615\u2013616","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.3.615"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tin W, Wariyar U. Giving small babies oxygen: 50 years of uncertainty. Semin Neonatol.2002;7:361\u2013367","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2002.0130"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucey JF, Dangman B. A reexamination of the role of oxygen in retrolental fibroplasia. Pediatrics.1984;73:82\u201396","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.73.1.82"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R4","unstructured":"Chan-Ling T GB, Stone J. Supplemental oxygen therapy: basis for noninvasive treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol.1215;36:1215\u20131230"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phelps DL. Reduced severity of oxygen-induced retinopathy in kittens recovered in 28% oxygen. Pediatr Res.1988;24:106\u2013109","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198807000-00024"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The STOP-ROP Multicenter Study Group. Supplemental therapeutic oxygen for prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (STOP-ROP), a randomized, controlled trial. I: Primary outcomes. Pediatrics.2000;105:295\u2013310","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.295"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Askie L, Henderson-Smart D, Irwig L, Judy Simpson. Oxygen-saturation targets and outcomes in extremely preterm infants. N Engl J Med.003;349:959\u2013967","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa023080"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patz A, Hoeck LE, De LA, Cruz E. Studies on the effect of high oxygen administration in retrolental fibroplasia. I. Nursery observations. Am J Ophthalmol.1952;36:1248\u20131253","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(52)91140-9"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patz A. Oxygen studies in retrolental fibroplasia. IV. Clinical and experimental observations. Am J Ophthalmol.1954;38:291\u2013308","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(54)90845-4"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanman JT, Guy LP, Dancis J. Retrolental fibroplasia and oxygen therapy. JAMA.1954;155:223\u2013226","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1954.03690210001001"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinsey VE. Retrolental fibroplasia: cooperative study of retrolental fibroplasia and the use of oxygen. Arch Ophthalmol.1956;56:481\u2013543","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1956.00930040489001"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weintraub DH, Tabankin A. Relationship of retrolental fibroplasia to oxygen concentration. J Pediatr.1956;49:75\u201379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(56)80058-9"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinsey VE, Arnold HJ, Kalina RE, et al. PaO2 levels and retrolental fibroplasia: a report of the cooperative study. Pediatrics.1977;60:655\u2013668","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.60.5.655"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engle MA, Baker DH, Baras I, et al. Oxygen administration and retrolental fibroplasia. Am J Dis Child.1955;89:399\u2013413","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1955.02050110489001"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engle MA, Levine SZ. Response of small premature infants to restriction of supplementary oxygen. Am J Dis Child.1955;89:316\u2013324","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1955.02050110382009"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tin W, Milligan DW, Pennefather P, Hey E. Pulse oximetry, severe retinopathy, and outcome at one year in babies of less than 28 weeks gestation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed.2001;84:F106\u2013F110","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.84.2.F106"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R17","unstructured":"Vijayakumar E, Ward GJ, Bullock CE, Patterson ML. Pulse oximetry in infants of <1500 gm birth weight on supplemental oxygen: a national survey. J Perinatol.1997;17:341\u2013345"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R18","unstructured":"Sun SC. Relation of target SpO2 levels and clinical outcome in ELBW infants on supplemental oxygen [abstract]. Pediatr Res.2002;51:350A"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R19","unstructured":"Anderson CG, Benitz WE, Madan A. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and pulse oximetry: a national survey of recent practices [abstract]. Pediatr Res.2002;51:367A"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellsbury DL, Acarregui MJ, McGuinness GA, Klein JM. Variability in the use of supplemental oxygen for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr.2002;140:247\u2013249","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.121933"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saugstad OD. Is oxygen more toxic than currently believed?Pediatrics.2001;108:1203\u20131205","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.5.1203"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oxygen and retrolental fibroplasia: the questions persist. Pediatrics.1977;60:753\u2013754","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.60.5.753"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R23","unstructured":"Duc G, Sinclair JC. Oxygen administration. In: Sinclair JD, Bracken MB, eds. Effective Care of the Newborn Infant. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press; 1992:178\u2013198"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Askie LM, Henderson-Smart DJ. Restricted versus liberal oxygen exposure for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001077","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001077"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avery ME, Oppenheimer E. Recent increase in mortality in hyaline membrane disease. J Pediatr.1960;57:553\u2013559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(60)80083-2"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDonald A. Neurological and ophthalmic disorders in children of very low birth weight. Br Med J.1962;1:895\u2013900","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5282.895"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cross KW. Cost of preventing retrolental fibroplasia?Lancet.1973;2(7835):954\u2013956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92610-X"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flynn JT, Bancalari E, Bawol R, et al. Retinopathy of prematurity: a randomized, prospective trial of transcutaneous oxygen monitoring. Ophthalmology.1987;94:630\u2013638","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33400-1"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flynn JT, Bancalari E, Snyder ES, et al. A cohort study of transcutaneous oxygen tension and the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity. N Engl J Med.1992;326:1050\u20131054","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204163261603"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chow LC, Wright KW, Sola S. Can changes in clinical practice decrease the incidence of severe retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants?Pediatrics.2003;111:339\u2013345","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.2.339"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R31","unstructured":"Poets CF, Arand J, Hummler H, Pohlandt F. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP): a comparison between two centers aiming for different pulse oximetry saturation (Spo2) levels [abstract]. Biol Neonate.2003:84:267"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peto R, Baigent C. Trials: the next 50 years. Large scale randomised evidence of moderate benefits. BMJ.1998;317:1170\u20131171","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7167.1170"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet.1988;2(8607):349\u2013360","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92833-4"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R34","unstructured":"Elwood P. Cochrane and the benefits of aspirin. In: Maynard A, Chalmers I, eds. Non-random reflections on health services research: on the 25th anniversary of Archie Cochrane\u2019s effectiveness and efficiency. London, United Kingdom: BMJ Publishing Group; 1997:107\u2013121"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NIH Consensus Development Panel on the Effect of Corticosteroids for Fetal Maturation on Perinatal Outcomes. Effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes. JAMA.1995;273:413\u2013418","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.273.5.413"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R36","unstructured":"Crowley P. Prophylactic corticosteroids for preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;3"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peto R, Pike MC, Armitage P, et al. Design and analysis of randomised clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. I. Introduction and design. Br J Cancer.1976;34:585\u2013612","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1976.220"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The OSIRIS Collaborative Group (Open Study of Infants at High Risk of or With Respiratory Insufficiency\u2014the Role of Surfactant). Early versus delayed neonatal administration of a synthetic surfactant\u2014the judgement of OSIRIS. Lancet.1992;340:1363\u20131369","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92557-V"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt B, Davis P, Moddemann D, et al; Trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms Investigators. Long-term effects of indomethacin prophylaxis in extremely-low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med.2001;344:1966\u20131972","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106283442602"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenyon SL, Taylor DJ, Tarnow-Mordi W; ORACLE Collaborative Group. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial. Lancet.2001;357:979\u2013988","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04233-1"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tucker J, Parry G, Nicholson P, McCabe C, Tarnow-Mordi W; UK Neonatal Staffing Study Group. Patient volume, staffing, and workload in relation to risk-adjusted outcomes in a random stratified sample of UK neonatal intensive care units: a prospective evaluation. Lancet.2002;359:99\u2013107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07366-X"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horbar JD, Badger GJ, Carpenter JH, et al. Trends in mortality and morbidity for very low birth weight infants, 1991\u20131999. Pediatrics.2002;110:143\u2013151","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.1.143"},{"key":"2021121003474944500_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CLASP Collaborative Group. Low dose aspirin in pregnancy and early childhood development: follow up of the collaborative low dose aspirin study in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol.1995;102:861\u2013868","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10872.x"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/112\/6\/1415\/1102683\/zpe01203001415.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/112\/6\/1415\/1102683\/zpe01203001415.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T06:02:13Z","timestamp":1639116133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/112\/6\/1415\/63578\/Resolving-Our-Uncertainty-About-Oxygen-Therapy"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.112.6.1415","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]}}}