{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T13:13:30Z","timestamp":1746710010249,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We evaluated whether the degree of cerebral palsy (CP) at age 3 in very preterm children is predictive of full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) &amp;lt;70 at age 8 by calculating likelihood ratios (LRs) for findings on the neurologic examination. Data from the follow-up phase of the Indomethacin Intraventricular Hemorrhage Prevention Trial, which includes periodic neurologic examination and neuropsychometric testing, were used. Information was available on 366 of 440 (83%) children with birth weight of 600 to 1250 g who survived. Neurologic examination at age 3 was grouped by presence and type of CP, and the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2013Third Edition FSIQ at age 8 was grouped dichotomously (&amp;lt;70 or \u226570). CP was identified in 35 of 366 3-year-olds (9.5%). An FSIQ &amp;lt;70 was identified in 47 of 366 children at 8 years old (12.8%). FSIQ &amp;lt;70 occurred in 14 of 17 children with tri- or quadriplegia (82%), 8 of 18 children with di- or hemiplegia (44%), and 25 of 331 children without CP (7.5%). Useful LRs were calculated for tri- or quadriplegia (30), di- or hemiplegia (5.7), and children without CP (0.55). These LRs have greater impact on posttest odds for FSIQ &amp;lt;70 than those for birth weight &amp;lt;1000 g, history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Score &amp;lt;70 at age 3. We conclude that the neurologic examination at 3 years old predicts FSIQ &amp;lt;70 at age 8 with LRs that allow evidence-based parental counseling and intervention planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.2.416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:53:04Z","timestamp":1092444784000},"page":"416-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An Evidence-Based Approach to Predicting Low IQ in Very Preterm Infants From the Neurological Examination: Outcome Data From the Indomethacin Intraventricular Hemorrhage Prevention Trial"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Pleacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betty R.","family":"Vohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karol H.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura R.","family":"Ment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter C.","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121011023765400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ment LR, Oh W, Ehrenkranz RA, et al. Low-dose indomethacin and prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage: a multicenter randomized trial. Pediatrics.1994;93:543\u2013550","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.93.4.543"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ment LR, Oh W, Ehrenkranz RA, et al. Low-dose indomethacin therapy and extension of intraventricular hemorrhage: a multicenter randomized trial. J Pediatr.1994;124:951\u2013955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83191-9"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allan WC, Vohr B, Makuch RW, Katz KH, Ment LR. Antecedents of cerebral palsy in a multicenter trial of indomethacin for intraventricular hemorrhage. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.1997;151:580\u2013585","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170430046010"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R4","unstructured":"Weschler D. Manual for the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children. 3rd ed. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 1991"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vohr BR, Allan WC, Westerveld M, et al. School-age outcomes of very low birth weight infants in the indomethacin intraventricular hemorrhage prevention trial. Pediatrics.2003;111(4). Available at: www.pediatrics.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/111\/4\/e340","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.e340"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R6","unstructured":"Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Guyatt GH, Tugwell P. Clinical Epidemiology\u2013A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine. 2nd ed. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Company; 1991:69\u2013152"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodman R, Yude C. IQ and its predictors in childhood hemiplegia. Dev Med Child Neurol.1996;38:881\u2013890","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15045.x"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stiers P, Vanderkelen R, Vanneste G, Coene S, De Rammelaere M, Vandenbussche E. Visual-perceptual impairment in a random sample of children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol.2002;44:370\u2013382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00831.x"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roth S, Wyatt J, Baudin J, et al. Neurodevelopmental status at 1 year predicts neuropsychiatric outcome at 14\u201315 years of age in very preterm infants. Early Hum Dev.2001;65:81\u201389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(01)00173-6"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whitaker AH, Feldman JF, Van Rossem R, et al. Neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities in low birth weight infants: relation to cognitive outcomes at six years of age. Pediatrics.1996;98:719\u2013729","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.4.719"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ment LR, Vohr B, Allan W, et al. The etiology and outcome of cerebral ventriculomegaly at term in very low birth weight preterm infants. Pediatrics.1999;104:243\u2013248","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.2.243"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R12","unstructured":"Aida N, Nishimura G, Hachiya Y, Matsui K, Takeuchi M, Itani Y. MR imaging of perinatal brain damage: comparison of clinical outcome with initial and follow-up MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.1998;19:1909\u20131921"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asao C, Korogi Y, Kondo Y, Yasunaga T, Takahashi M. Neonatal periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage. Subacute and chronic MR findings. Acta Radiol.2001;42:370\u2013375","DOI":"10.1080\/028418501127347007"},{"key":"2021121011023765400_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valkama AM, Paakko EL, Vainionpaa LK, Lanning FP, Ilkko EA, Koivisto ME. Magnetic resonance imaging at term and neuromotor outcome in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr.2000;89:348\u2013355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb01337.x"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/113\/2\/416\/1011384\/zpe00204000416.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/113\/2\/416\/1011384\/zpe00204000416.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T05:44:32Z","timestamp":1682747072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/113\/2\/416\/66895\/An-Evidence-Based-Approach-to-Predicting-Low-IQ-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.113.2.416","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-4005"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-4275"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]}}}