{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:56:58Z","timestamp":1793105818885,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To determine the frequency, nature, and severity of executive dysfunction (EDF) at 8 years of age in extremely low birth weight (ELBW)\/very preterm infants who were born in the 1990s, compared with normal birth weight (NBW) control subjects.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods. A geographically determined cohort study was conducted in Victoria, Australia. The ELBW\/very preterm cohort comprised 298 consecutive survivors at 2 years of age who had gestational ages &amp;lt;28 completed weeks or birth weights &amp;lt;1000 g and were born during 1991-1992. The NBW cohort comprised 262 randomly selected children of birth weight &amp;gt;2499 g matched on date of birth, gender, ethnicity, and health insurance status. The participation rate was 92% (275 of 298) for the ELBW\/very preterm cohort and 85% (223 of 262) for the NBW cohort. Cognitive and behavioral measures of executive functioning were administered.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results. The ELBW\/very preterm cohort exhibited significant EDF compared with their NBW peers in all areas assessed. The cognitive assessment revealed global impairment rather than deficits in specific executive domains. The ELBW\/very preterm children also displayed more behavioral problems indicative of EDF than the NBW children. Severe impairments were exhibited in only a small minority of ELBW\/very preterm children. No statistical conclusions were altered after adjustment for sociodemographic variables or when children with substantial neurosensory impairment were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions. School-aged children who were born in the 1990s and were very preterm or had ELBW are at greater risk for developing EDF and require ongoing neuropsychological review throughout middle childhood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.50","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,14]],"date-time":"2004-08-14T00:53:04Z","timestamp":1092444784000},"page":"50-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":362,"title":["Executive Functioning in School-Aged Children Who Were Born Very Preterm or With Extremely Low Birth Weight in the 1990s"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lex W.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121006492018100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhutta A, Cleves M, Casey P, Cradock M, Anand K. 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