{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:09:33Z","timestamp":1792062573915,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. After concerns about the possible toxicity of thimerosal-containing vaccines in the United States, this study was designed to investigate whether there is a relationship between the amount of thimerosal that an infant receives via diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (DTP) or diphtheria-tetanus (DT) vaccination at a young age and subsequent neurodevelopmental disorders.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed using 109 863 children who were born from 1988 to 1997 and were registered in general practices in the United Kingdom that contributed to a research database. The disorders investigated were general developmental disorders, language or speech delay, tics, attention-deficit disorder, autism, unspecified developmental delays, behavior problems, encopresis, and enuresis. Exposure was defined according to the number of DTP\/DT doses received by 3 and 4 months of age and also the cumulative age-specific DTP\/DT exposure by 6 months. Each DTP\/DT dose of vaccine contains 50 \u03bcg of thimerosal (25 \u03bcg of ethyl mercury). Hazard ratios (HRs) for the disorders were calculated per dose of DTP\/DT vaccine or per unit of cumulative DTP\/DT exposure.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results. Only in 1 analysis for tics was there some evidence of a higher risk with increasing doses (Cox's HR: 1.50 per dose at 4 months; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02\u20132.20). Statistically significant negative associations with increasing doses at 4 months were found for general developmental disorders (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81\u20130.93), unspecified developmental delay (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.69\u20130.92), and attention-deficit disorder (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64\u20130.98). For the other disorders, there was no evidence of an association with thimerosal exposure.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions. With the possible exception of tics, there was no evidence that thimerosal exposure via DTP\/DT vaccines causes neurodevelopmental disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2003-1177-l","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,5]],"date-time":"2004-11-05T17:23:17Z","timestamp":1099675397000},"page":"584-591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Thimerosal Exposure in Infants and Developmental Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United Kingdom Does Not Support a Causal Association"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Nick","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Unit"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunisation Department, Health Protection Agency, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Unit"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Stowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velda","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morbidity and Health Care Team, Office for National Statistics, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121011134077300_R1","unstructured":"Winship KA. 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