{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:44:58Z","timestamp":1790736298243,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To identify prenatal and perinatal risk factors for clinically severe (stage 3 or 4) retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods. Data were collected prospectively as part of the ongoing Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network audit of high-risk infants (birth weight of &amp;lt;1500 g or gestational age [GA] of &amp;lt;32 weeks) admitted to a level III neonatal unit in Australia or New Zealand. Prenatal and perinatal factors to 1 minute of age were examined for the subset of infants with GA of &amp;lt;29 weeks who survived to 36 weeks\u2019 postmenstrual age and were examined for ROP (n = 2105). The factors significantly associated with stage 3 or 4 ROP were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results. Two-hundred three infants (9.6%) had stage 3 or more ROP. Prematurity was the dominant risk factor, with infants with GA of &amp;lt;25 weeks having 20 times greater odds of severe ROP than infants with GA of 28 weeks. Birth weight for GA also had a \u201cdose-response\u201d effect; the more growth-restricted infants had greater risk, with infants below the 3rd percentile of weight for GA having 4 times greater odds of severe ROP than those between the 25th and 75th percentiles. Male gender was also a significant risk factor (odds ratio: 1.73; 95% confidence interval: 1.25\u20132.40).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions. These data, for a large, essentially population-based cohort, suggest that factors related to the degree of immaturity, intrauterine growth restriction, and male gender contribute to severe ROP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T18:03:40Z","timestamp":1112378620000},"page":"990-996","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":234,"title":["Prenatal Risk Factors for Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity Among Very Preterm Infants of the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Darlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolie L.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Perinatal Health Services Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Henderson-Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Perinatal Health Services Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Donoghue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Perinatal Health Services Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy M.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Newborn Care, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120819314357100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain N, Clive J, Bhandari V. 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