{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:25:17Z","timestamp":1782797117965,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE. The popularity of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) is growing, and they are increasingly being used as family vehicles. Because of the large size of SUVs, relative to passenger cars, parents may perceive that they are safer family vehicles. However, little is known about the safety of children in SUVs, compared with passenger cars. The objective of this study was to determine the relative risk of injury to children involved in crashes in SUVs, compared with those in passenger cars.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>DESIGN. From an on-going motor vehicle crash surveillance system, a probability sample of 3922 child occupants 0 to 15 years of age, representing 72396 children in crashes of either SUVs or passenger cars (model year 1998 or newer), from 3 large US regions, was identified between March 1, 2000, and December 31, 2003. Injuries were defined as concussions and other brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, facial fractures and lacerations, internal organ injuries, extremity fractures, and scalp lacerations. Logistic regression modeling was used to compute the odds ratio (OR) of injury for children in SUVs versus passenger cars, both unadjusted and adjusted for several potential confounders, including differences in child seating position, restraint use, vehicle weight, exposure of the child to a passenger airbag, and whether the vehicle rolled over.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS. A total of 38.2% of children were in SUVs and 61.8% were in passenger cars. The average weight of SUVs was 1317 lb greater than the average weight of passenger cars. Among all children in the study, those restrained appropriately were less likely to be injured (OR: 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15\u20130.45) and those in the front seat were more likely to be injured (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.33\u20133.21). In both vehicle types, children exposed to a passenger airbag were more likely to be injured than were those who were not (OR: 4.70; 95% CI: 2.36\u20139.37). Rollover crashes increased the risk of injury in both vehicle types (OR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.88\u20135.76) and occurred more than twice as frequently with SUVs (2.9%, compared with 1.2% with passenger cars). There was a trend for increasing vehicle weight being a protective factor with both vehicle types (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.73\u20131.01). After adjustment for all of the aforementioned factors, the risk of injury was not significantly different for children in SUVs versus passenger cars (adjusted OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 0.88\u20132.57). Especially detrimental for children in SUVs was being unrestrained versus restrained in a rollover crash (OR: 24.99; 95% CI: 6.68\u201393.53).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Despite the greater vehicle weight of SUVs, the risk of injury for children in SUVs is similar to that for children in passenger cars. The potential advantage offered by heavier SUVs seems to be offset by other factors, including an increased tendency to roll over. Age-appropriate child restraint and rear seat positioning are important, particularly for children in SUVs, given the very high risk of injury for children restrained inappropriately in rollover crashes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,5]],"date-time":"2006-01-05T02:28:34Z","timestamp":1136428114000},"page":"9-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Risk of Injury to Child Passengers in Sport Utility Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Daly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, A.I. Dupont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Kallan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy B.","family":"Arbogast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TraumaLink, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis R.","family":"Durbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"TraumaLink, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120819431296900_R1","unstructured":"Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Characteristics of Fatal Rollover Crashes. Washington, DC: Department of Transportation; 2002. Available at: www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov\/pdf\/nrd-30\/NCSA\/Rpts\/2002\/809\u2013438.pdf. Accessed March 25, 2003"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R2","unstructured":"Federal Highway Administration, Office of Highway Information Management. Home page. Available at: www.fhwa.dot.gov. Accessed March 25, 2003"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R3","unstructured":"Hakim D. The tipping point in vehicle safety. New York Times. February 22, 2004;sect 3:1, 10"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broyles RW, Narine L, Clarke SR, Baker DR. Factors associated with the likelihood of injury resulting from collisions between four-wheel drive vehicles and passenger cars. Accid Anal Prev.\u20082003;35:677\u2013681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00046-5"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morris LM. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) notes: characteristics of fatal rollover crashes. Ann Emerg Med.\u20082003;41:271\u2013272","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.55"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seth VK. A rollover epidemic in North Dakota from 1994 to 1997. Ann Intern Med.\u20082002;136:491","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-6-200203190-00021"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaca F. Commentary: making progress \u2026 with growing caution. Ann Emerg Med.\u20082003;41:272\u2013275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(03)70100-0"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R8","unstructured":"Public Broadcasting System. Rollover: the hidden story of the SUV. Available at: www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/rollover\/. Accessed March 25, 2003"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R9","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell J. Crash tests may make SUVs even more deadly. USA Today. February 26, 2003:A1"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durbin DR, Bhatia E, Holmes JH, et al. Partners for child passenger safety: a unique child-specific crash surveillance system. Accid Anal Prev.\u20082001;33:407\u2013412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(00)00054-3"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kent R. Air Bag Development and Performance: New Perspectives From Industry, Government, and Academia. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers; 2003","DOI":"10.4271\/9781468602111"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R12","unstructured":"Arbogast KB, Durbin DR, Kallan MJ, Winston FK. Effect of vehicle type on the performance of second generation air bags for child occupants. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med.\u20082003;47:85\u201399"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R13","unstructured":"Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. The Abbreviated Injury Scale, 1990 Revision. Des Plaines, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; 1990"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durbin DR. Development and validation of the Injury Severity Assessment Survey\/Parent Report: a new injury severity assessment survey. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.\u20081999;153:404\u2013408","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.4.404"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malliaris C, Digges KH. Crash Exposure and Crashworthiness of Sport Utility Vehicles. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers; 1999. Publication SAE 1999-01-0063","DOI":"10.4271\/1999-01-0063"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winston FK, Durbin DR. Buckle Up! is not enough: enhancing protection of the restrained child. JAMA.\u20081999;281:2070\u20132072","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.22.2070"},{"key":"2021120819431296900_R17","unstructured":"Glassbrenner D. The Use of Child Restraints in 2002: NHTSA Research Note. Washington, DC: Department of Transportation; 2003. Department of Transportation publication HS 809 555"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/117\/1\/9\/1010539\/zpe00106000009.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/117\/1\/9\/1010539\/zpe00106000009.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T22:20:13Z","timestamp":1639002013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/117\/1\/9\/67933\/Risk-of-Injury-to-Child-Passengers-in-Sport"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2004-1364","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]}}}