{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T01:56:19Z","timestamp":1774662979988,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of 1 and 2 doses of the 2003\u20132004 influenza vaccine in preventing medically attended influenza-like illness (ILI) among children 6 to 23 months and 6 months to 8 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Design and Methods. Outpatient and emergency department visits and immunization records were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study among children 6 months to 8 years of age. ILI and pneumonia and influenza (P&amp;I) outcomes were defined on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated as (1 \u2212 hazard rate ratio) \u00d7 100.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results. A total of 29726 children were included in the analyses; 17.3% were 6 to 23 months of age. By November 19, 2003, the start of peak influenza activity, 7.5% and 9.9% of children 6 months to 8 years were fully or partially vaccinated against influenza, respectively. For fully vaccinated children 6 to 23 months of age, VE against ILI and P&amp;I was 25% and 49%, respectively. No statistically significant reduction in ILI or P&amp;I rates was observed for partially vaccinated children 6 to 23 months of age (\u22123% and 22%, respectively). For fully vaccinated children 6 months to 8 years of age, VE against ILI and P&amp;I was 23% and 51%, respectively. For partial vaccination, VE was significant only for P&amp;I (23%).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions. Despite a suboptimal match between the influenza vaccine and predominant circulating strains, influenza vaccination provided substantial protection for fully vaccinated children and possibly some protection for partially vaccinated children &amp;lt;9 years of age. These findings support vaccinating targeted children even when the vaccine match is suboptimal, and they highlight the need to vaccinate previously unvaccinated children with 2 doses for optimal protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T18:17:49Z","timestamp":1120241869000},"page":"153-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Effectiveness of the 2003\u20132004 Influenza Vaccine Among Children 6 Months to 8 Years of Age, With 1 vs 2 Doses"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Debra P.","family":"Ritzwoller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn Buxton","family":"Bridges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Shetterly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristi","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarette","family":"Kolczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric K.","family":"France","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120905504423600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neuzil KM, Mellen BG, Wright PF, Mitchel EF Jr, Griffin MR. 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