{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:22:22Z","timestamp":1792002142728,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. We sought to (1) compare estimates of the prevalence of fighting and weapon carrying among adolescent boys and girls in North American and European countries and (2) assess in adolescents from a subgroup of these countries comparative rates of weapon carrying and characteristics of fighting and injury outcomes, with a determination of the association between these indicators of violence and the occurrence of medically treated injury.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Design and Setting. Cross-sectional self-report surveys using 120 questions were obtained from nationally representative samples of 161082 students in 35 countries. In addition, optional factors were assessed within individual countries: characteristics of fighting (9 countries); characteristics of weapon carrying (7 countries); and medically treated injury (8 countries).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Participants. Participants included all consenting students in sampled classrooms (average age: 11\u201315 years).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Measures. The primary measures assessed included involvement in physical fights and the types of people involved; frequency and types of weapon carrying; and frequency and types of medically treated injury.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results. Involvement in fighting varied across countries, ranging from 37% to 69% of the boys and 13% to 32% of the girls. Adolescents most often reported fighting with friends or relatives. Among adolescents reporting fights, fighting with total strangers varied from 16% to 53% of the boys and 5% to 16% of the girls. Involvement in weapon carrying ranged from 10% to 21% of the boys and 2% to 5% of the girls. Among youth reporting weapon carrying, those carrying handguns or other firearms ranged from 7% to 22% of the boys and 3% to 11% of the girls. In nearly all reporting countries, both physical fighting and weapon carrying were significantly associated with elevated risks for medically treated, multiple, and hospitalized injury events.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions. Fighting and weapon carrying are 2 common indicators of physical violence that are experienced by young people. Associations of fighting and weapon carrying with injury-related health outcomes are remarkably similar across countries. Violence is an important issue affecting the health of adolescents internationally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T20:44:17Z","timestamp":1133469857000},"page":"e855-e863","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Cross-national Study of Fighting and Weapon Carrying as Determinants of Adolescent Injury"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Pickett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health and Epidemiology"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yossi","family":"Harel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Bar-Illan University, Ramat Gam, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health and Epidemiology"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health and Epidemiology"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Molcho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Bar-Illan University, Ramat Gam, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother and Child National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Dostaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health and Epidemiology"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary D.","family":"Overpeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candace E.","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the HBSC Violence and Injuries Writing Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121003212728600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brener ND, Simon TR, Krug EG, Lowry R. 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