{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T01:18:44Z","timestamp":1772241524227,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is very common during childhood. Because Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common bacterial pathogens involved in OME, pneumococcal vaccines may have a role in the prevention of recurrent OME.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>OBJECTIVE. We sought to assess the effect of combined pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccinations on the recurrence of OME.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>METHODS. A randomized, controlled trial was performed with 161 children, 2 to 8 years of age, with documented persistent bilateral OME. All subjects were treated with tympanostomy tubes (TTs). One half of the subjects were assigned randomly to additional vaccination with a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 3 to 4 weeks before and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 3 months after tube insertion. Blood samples were drawn at the first vaccination, at the time of TT placement, and 1 and 3 months after the second vaccination. Levels of IgA and IgG serum antibody against the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. All children were monitored for recurrence of OME for 6 months after spontaneous extrusion of the TTs.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS. The overall recurrence rate of bilateral OME was 50%. Pneumococcal vaccinations induced significant 4.6- to 24.4-fold increases in the geometric means of all conjugate vaccine serotype antibody titers but did not affect recurrence of OME.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Combined pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccination does not prevent recurrence of OME among children 2 to 8 years of age previously known to have persistent OME. Therefore, pneumococcal vaccines are not indicated for the treatment of children suffering from recurrent OME.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T19:23:43Z","timestamp":1141241023000},"page":"603-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Effect of Combined Pneumococcal Conjugate and Polysaccharide Vaccination on Recurrent Otitis Media With Effusion"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Niels","family":"van Heerbeek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masja","family":"Straetemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selma P.","family":"Wiertsema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koen J.A.O.","family":"Ingels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ger T.","family":"Rijkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne G.M.","family":"Schilder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otorhinolaryngology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth A.M.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard A.","family":"Zielhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120820135111500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zielhuis GA, Rach GH, Van Den Broek P. 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