{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T11:05:42Z","timestamp":1791025542446,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE. Little is known about how physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and various adolescent health risk behaviors are associated. The objective of this study was to examine relationships between PA and sedentary behavior patterns and an array of risk behaviors, including leading causes of adolescent morbidity\/mortality.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>METHODS. Nationally representative self-reported data were collected (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health; wave I: 1994\u20131995; II: 1996; N = 11957). Previously developed and validated cluster analyses identified 7 homogeneous groups of adolescents sharing PA and sedentary behaviors. Poisson regression predicted the relative risk of health risk behaviors, other weekly activities, and self-esteem across the 7 PA\/sedentary behavior clusters controlling for demographics and socioeconomic status. Main outcome measures were adolescent risk behaviors (eg, truancy, cigarette smoking, sexual intercourse, delinquency), other weekly activities (eg, work, academic performance, sleep), self-esteem.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS. Relative to high television (TV) and video viewers, adolescents in clusters characterized by skating and video gaming, high overall sports and sports participation with parents, using neighborhood recreation center, strict parental control of TV, reporting few activities overall, and being active in school were less likely to participate in a range of risky behaviors, ranging from an adjusted risk ratio (ARR) of 0.42 (outcome: illegal drug use, cluster: strict parental control of TV) to 0.88 (outcome: violence, cluster: sports with parents). Active teens were less likely to have low self-esteem (eg, adolescents engaging in sports with parents, ARR: 0.73) and more likely to have higher grades (eg, active in school, ARR: 1.20).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Participation in a range of PA-related behaviors, particularly those characterized by high parental sports\/exercise involvement, was associated with favorable adolescent risk profiles. Adolescents with high TV\/video viewership were less likely to have positive risk behavior outcomes. Enhancing opportunities for PA and sport may have a beneficial effect on leading adolescent risk behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,3]],"date-time":"2006-04-03T21:23:11Z","timestamp":1144099391000},"page":"1281-1290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":255,"title":["Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns Are Associated With Selected Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Melissa C.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Gordon-Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120902155993300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisenmann JC, Bartee RT, Wang MQ. Physical activity, TV viewing, and weight in US youth: 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Obes Res.\u20082002;10:379\u2013385","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.52"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Physical activity trends: United States, 1990\u20131998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.\u20082001;50:166\u2013169"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R3","unstructured":"Gordon-Larsen P, Nelson MC, Popkin BM. Meeting national activity and inactivity recommendations: adolescence to adulthood. Am J Prev Med.\u20082005;28:259\u2013266"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R4","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Ga: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; 1996"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blair SN, Kohl HW III, Paffenbarger RS, Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA.\u20081989;262:2395\u20132401","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.262.17.2395"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kesaniemi YA, Danforth JRE, Jensen MD, Kopelman PG, Lefebvre P, Reeder BA. Dose-response issues concerning physical activity and health: an evidence-based symposium. Med Sci Sport Exerc.\u20082001;33:S351\u2013358","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00003"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kraus WE, Houmard JA, Duscha BD, et al. Effects of the amount and intensity of exercise on plasma lipoproteins. N Engl J Med.\u20082002;347:1483\u20131492","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020194"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Med Sci Sport Exerc.\u20081998;30:975\u2013991","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199806000-00032"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R9","unstructured":"Anderson RN. Deaths: leading causes for 2000 [serial online]. Natl Vital Stat Rep.\u20082002;50:1\u201385. Available at: www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/pubs\/pubd\/nvsr\/50\/50\u201316.htm. Accessed September 3, 2003"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R10","unstructured":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Injury mortality reports 1999\u20132000 [database online]. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2002. Available at: http:\/\/webapp.cdc.gov\/sasweb\/ncipc\/mortrate10.html. Accessed September 3, 2003"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R11","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic Safety Facts 2000: A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data From the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, US Department of Transportation; 2001. Available at: www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov\/pubs\/1.pdf. Accessed September 3, 2003"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R12","unstructured":"Mackay AP, Fingerhut LA, Duran CR. Adolescent Health Chartbook. Health, United States, 2000. Hyattsville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics. Available at: www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/pubs\/pubd\/hus\/2010\/2010.htm#hus00. Accessed September 3, 2003"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rainey CJ, McKeown RE, Sargent RG, Valois RF. Patterns of tobacco and alcohol use among sedentary, exercising, nonathletic, and athletic youth. J Sch Health.\u20081996;66:27\u201332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1996.tb06254.x"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pate RR, Trost SG, Levin S, Dowda M. Sports participation and health related behaviors among US youth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.\u20082000;154:904\u2013911","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.154.9.904"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winnail SD, Valois RF, McKeown RE, Saunders RP, Pate RR. Relationship between physical activity level, cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and marijuana use among public high school adolescents. J Sch Health.\u20081995;65:438\u2013442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1995.tb08209.x"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pate RR, Heath GW, Dowda M, Trost SG. Associations between physical activity and other health behaviors in a representative sample of US adolescents. Am J Public Health.\u20081996;86:1577\u20131581","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.11.1577"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulig K, Brener ND, McManus T. Sexual activity and substance use among adolescents by category of physical activity plus team sports participation. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.\u20082003;157:905\u2013912","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.9.905"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R18","unstructured":"Mutrie N. Parfitt G. Physical activity and its link with mental social and moral health in young people In: Biddle S, Sallis J, Cavill N, eds. Young and Active? Young People and Health-Enhancing Physical Activity: Evidence and Implications. London, United Kingdom: Health Education Authority; 1988:49\u201368"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calfas KJ, Taylor WC. Effects of physical activity on psychological variables in adolescents. Pediatr Exerc Sci.\u20081994;6:406\u2013423","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.6.4.406"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steptoe A, Butler N. Sports participation and emotional wellbeing in adolescents. Lancet.\u20081996;347:1789\u20131792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91616-5"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brosnahan J, Steffen LM, Lytle L, Pattesron J, Boostrom A. The relation between physical activity and mental health among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.\u20082004;158:818\u2013823","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.8.818"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidtz KH, Lytle LA, Phillips GA, Murray DM, Birnbaum AS, Kubik MY. Psychosocial correlates of physical activity and sedentary leisure habits in young adults: the Teens Eating for Energy and Nutrition at School Study. Prev Med.\u20082002;34:266\u2013278","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2001.0982"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelson MC, Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Popkin. Adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior: patterning and long-term maintenance. Am J Prev Med.\u20082005;28:259\u2013266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2004.12.006"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patterson RE, Haines PS, Popkin BM. Health lifestyle patterns of US adults. Prev Med.\u20081994;23:453\u2013460","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1994.1062"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wirfalt E, Mattisson I, Gullberg B, Berglund G. Food patterns defined by cluster analysis and their utility as dietary exposure variables: a report from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study. Public Health Nutr.\u20082000;3:159\u2013173","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980000000197"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burke V, Milligan RAK, Beilin LJ, et al. Clustering of health-related behaviors among 18-year-old Australians. Prev Med.\u20081997;26:724\u2013733","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1997.0198"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berrigan D, Dodd K, Troiano RP, Krebs-Smith SM, Barbash RB. Patterns of health behavior in US adults. Prev Med.\u20082003;36:615\u2013623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(02)00067-1"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R28","unstructured":"Owen N, Leslie E, Salmon J, Fotheringham MJ. Environmental determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Exerc Sport Sci Rev.\u20082000;27:153\u2013158"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordon-Larsen P, McMurray RG, Popkin BM. Determinants of adolescent physical activity and inactivity patterns. Pediatrics.\u20082000;105:1\u20138","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.e83"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prochaska JJ, Sallis JF, Sarkin JA, et al. Examination of the factor structure of physical activity behaviors. J Clin Epidemiol.\u20082000;53:866\u2013874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00233-4"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feldman DE, Barnett T, Shrier I, Rossignol M, Abenhaim L. Is physical activity differentially associated with different types of sedentary pursuits?Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.\u20082003;157:797\u2013802","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.8.797"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R32","unstructured":"Aldenderfer MS, Blashfield RK. Cluster analysis. Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in Social Sciences. No 44. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; 1984"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popkin BM, Udry JR. Adolescent obesity increases significantly in second and third generation US immigrants. J Nutr.\u20081998;128:701\u2013706","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.4.701"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sallis JF, Buono MJ, Roby JJ, Micale FG, Nelson JA. Seven-day recall and other physical activity self-reports in children and adolescents. Med Sci Sport Exerc.\u20081993;25:99\u2013108","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199301000-00014"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordon-Larsen P, McMurray RG, Popkin BM. Adolescent physical activity and inactivity vary by ethnicity: the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. J Pediatr.\u20081999;135:301\u2013306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70124-1"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen RE, Crespo CH, Bartlett SJ, Cheskin LJ, Pratt M. Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA.\u20081998;279:938\u2013942","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.12.938"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baranowski T. Validity and reliability of self-report measures of physical activity: an information processing perspective. Res Quart Exerc Sport.\u20081988;59:314\u2013327","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1988.10609379"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ainsworth B, Haskell WL, Leon AS. Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. Med Sci Sport Exerc.\u20081993;25:71\u201380","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199301000-00011"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, et al. Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA.\u20081995;273:402\u2013407","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.273.5.402"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Felson R, Haynie DL. Pubertal development, social factors and delinquency among adolescent boys. Criminology.\u20082002;40:967\u2013988","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00979.x"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberg M. Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1965","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400876136"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shrier LA, Harris SK, Sternberg M, Beardslee WR. Associations of depression, self-esteem, and substance use with sexual risk among adolescents. Prev Med.\u20082001;33:179\u2013289","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2001.0869"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R43","unstructured":"Ezzati-Rice TM, Khare M, Rubin D, Little R, Schafer J. A comparison of imputation techniques in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 1993 Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods. American Statistical Association; 1994"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R44","unstructured":"Kalton G. Compensation for Missing Survey Data. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Data Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan; 1983"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNutt LA, Wu C, Xue X, Hafner JP. Estimating the relative risk in cohort studies and clinical trials of common outcomes. Am J Epidemiol.\u20082003;157:940\u2013943","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg074"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R46","unstructured":"Douthitt VL. Psychological determinants of adolescent exercise adherence. Adolescence.\u20081994;29:711\u2013722"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Craig S, Goldberg J, Dietz WH. Psychosocial correlates of physical activity among fifth and eighth graders. Prev Med.\u20081996;25:506\u2013513","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1996.0083"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aaron DJ, Dearwater SR, Anderson R, Olsen T, Kriska AM, Lporte RE. Physical activity and the initiation of high-risk health behaviors in adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc.\u20081995;27:139\u2013145","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199512000-00010"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Begg DJ, Langley JD, Moffitt T, Marshall SW. Sport and delinquency: an examination of the deterrence hypothesis in a longitudinal study. Br J Sports Med.\u20081996;30:335\u2013341","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.30.4.335"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Bourdeaudhuij I, van Oonst P. A cluster-analytical approach toward physical activity and other health related behaviors. Med Sci Sports Exerc.\u20081999;31:605\u2013612","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199904000-00019"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krick JP, Sobal J. Relationships between health protective behaviors. J Community Health.\u20081990;15:19\u201334","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01350183"},{"key":"2021120902155993300_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burdette HL, Whitaker RC. Resurrecting free play in young children: looking beyond fitness and fatness to attention, affiliation, and affect. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.\u20082005;159:46\u201350","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.1.46"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/117\/4\/1281\/1072344\/zpe00406001281.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/117\/4\/1281\/1072344\/zpe00406001281.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T10:34:41Z","timestamp":1639046081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/117\/4\/1281\/70941\/Physical-Activity-and-Sedentary-Behavior-Patterns"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2005-1692","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]}}}