{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T21:28:20Z","timestamp":1778189300388,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES. This study explored how vaccination coverage is associated with not being insured and with insurance type among children who are insured and to show how these associations are modified by race\/ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>METHODS. We determined whether 8324 children sampled in the National Immunization Survey in 2001 and 2002 were covered by private insurance only, Medicaid\/State Children's Health Insurance Program, or another insurance type or were uninsured at the time of the National Immunization Survey interview or were uninsured at some time before the interview. Children were up to date if, by the date of the interview, their vaccination providers had administered \u22654 doses of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis vaccine, \u22653 doses of polio vaccine, \u22651 dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, \u22653 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, and \u22653 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. To evaluate the association between insurance type and breaks in insurance with timely completion of the recommended vaccination schedule soon after 19 months of age, we restricted our analyses to children 19 to 24 months of age.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS. Nationally, 12.6 \u00b1 1.6% of all children 19 to 24 months of age were uninsured at some time. Children who were uninsured at the time of the National Immunization Survey interview had significantly lower vaccination coverage than did children with Medicaid\/State Children's Health Insurance Program coverage or children with private insurance only (52.6% vs 70.0% and 75.6%). Children who had never been insured and children who were insured but had a break in insurance coverage in the 12 months immediately preceding the National Immunization Survey interview had significantly lower vaccination coverage than did children who had been insured continuously (47.4% and 64.8% vs 73.5%).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Approximately 1 of 8 children were uninsured at some time, and those children were at greater risk of not being vaccinated on time as recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T23:20:51Z","timestamp":1149204051000},"page":"1972-1978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Associations Between Childhood Vaccination Coverage, Insurance Type, and Breaks in Health Insurance Coverage"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan Y.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120823033716200_R1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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Vital Health Stat 2.\u20082005;(138):1\u201355. Available at: www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/series\/sr_02\/sr02_138.pdf. Accessed August 15, 2005"},{"key":"2021120823033716200_R5","unstructured":"Research Triangle Institute. SUDAAN User's Manual, Release 8.0. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; 2002"},{"key":"2021120823033716200_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zell ER, Ezzati-Rice TM, Battaglia MP, et al. The National Immunization Survey: the methodology of a vaccination surveillance system. Public Health Rep.\u20082000;115:65\u201377","DOI":"10.1093\/phr\/115.1.65"},{"key":"2021120823033716200_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith PJ, Battaglia MP, Huggins VJ, et al. Overview of the sampling design and statistical methods used in the National Immunization Survey. Am J Prev Med.\u20082001;20(suppl):17\u201324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(01)00285-9"},{"key":"2021120823033716200_R8","unstructured":"Smith PJ, Rao JNK, Battaglia MP, et al. Compensating for provider nonresponse using response propensities to form adjustment cells: the National Immunization Survey. Vital Health Stat 2.\u20082001;(133):1\u201317. Available at: www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/series\/sr_02\/sr02_133.pdf. Accessed August 15, 2005"},{"key":"2021120823033716200_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lave KR, Keene CR, Chyongchiou JL. Impact of a children's health program on newly enrolled children. JAMA.\u20081998;279:1820\u20131825","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.22.1820"},{"key":"2021120823033716200_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olson LM, Tang SS, Newacheck PW. Children in the United States with discontinuous health insurance coverage. N Engl J Med.\u20082005;353:382\u2013391","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa043878"},{"key":"2021120823033716200_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodewald LE, Szilagyi PG, Shiuh T, et al. 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The National Health Interview Survey: an overview. Eff Clin Pract.\u20082002;5(suppl):e2. Available at: www.acponline.org\/journals\/ecp\/mayjun02\/gentleman.htm. Accessed August 12, 2005"},{"key":"2021120823033716200_R18","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule: United States, January\u2013June 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.\u20082004;53:Q1\u2013Q4"},{"key":"2021120823033716200_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guyer B, Smith DR, Chalk R. Calling the shots: immunization finance policies and practices: executive summary of the report of the Institute of Medicine. 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