{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:45:49Z","timestamp":1792115149347,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this study were to describe the characteristics and morbidity of very low birth weight infants, to identify the medical intervention for these infants, and to evaluate the factors affecting the mortality of these infants among the participating hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS. A large multicenter neonatal research network that included level III NICUs from throughout Japan was established. A standardized mortality rate was formulated by giving a ratio of the observed deaths and the predicted deaths based on a 100-g birth weight interval mortality. A regression model was used to predict the factors that affect neonatal mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS. The network included 37 centers and 2145 infants weighing \u22641500 g, born or admitted to the centers in 2003. Gestational age and birth weight of studied infants were 28.6 \u00b1 3.6 gestational weeks (mean \u00b1 SD) and 1025 \u00b1 302 g, respectively. Overall, 11% of the infants died before being discharged from hospitals (range: 0%\u201321%). The standardized mortality rate varied among the facilities (range: 0%\u201330%). No association between the annual number of patients admitted and standardized mortality rate was found. Among all of the very low birth weight infants, 14% were outborn infants, 72% were delivered by cesarean sections, 27% had patent ductus arteriosus, 3% had gastrointestinal perforation, 8% had bacterial sepsis, and 13% had intraventricular hemorrhage. Medical interventions involved were: 41% antenatal corticosteroids, 54% surfactant therapy, 18% postnatal steroids for chronic lung disease, and 29% high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. We found variations in the medical interventions and the clinical outcomes among the centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. The overall survival rate for very low birth weight infants among neonatal centers in Japan was \u223c90%. However, differences in the morbidity and mortality were observed among these centers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T20:49:34Z","timestamp":1157143774000},"page":"e1130-e1138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["Morbidity and Mortality of Infants With Very Low Birth Weight in Japan: Center Variation"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kusuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Fujimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Aotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Shiga Medical University, Shiga, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Kabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Aiiku Hospital, Aiiku, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasufumi","family":"Itani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children\u2019s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ichiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsura","family":"Matsunami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Neonatal Research Network, Japan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120822400661800_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horbar JD, Badger GJ, Lewit EM, Rogowski J, Shiono PH. 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