{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T02:03:30Z","timestamp":1778724210267,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>This Policy Statement was retired June 2012.<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The purpose of this statement is to provide the rationale and recommendations for adolescent use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines. Despite universal immunization of children with multiple doses of pediatric diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine, pertussis remains endemic with a steady increase in the number of reported cases. Two peaks in the incidence of pertussis occur in pediatric patients: infants younger than 6 months of age who are inadequately protected by the current immunization schedule and adolescents 11 through 18 years of age whose vaccine-induced immunity has waned. Significant medical and public health resources are being consumed in postexposure management of adolescent cases, contacts, and outbreaks with little beneficial effect on individuals or the epidemiology of disease. Two Tdap products were licensed in 2005 for use in people 10 through 18 years of age (Boostrix) and 11 through 64 years of age (Adacel). The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the following:<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-3038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,29]],"date-time":"2005-12-29T01:33:34Z","timestamp":1135820014000},"page":"965-978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Prevention of Pertussis Among Adolescents: Recommendations for Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"117","author":[{"name":"Committee on Infectious Diseases","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023092514005624500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee GM, Lett S, Schauer S, et al. Societal costs and morbidity of pertussis in adolescents and adults. 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J Infect Dis.\u20082000;182:1409\u20131416","DOI":"10.1086\/315863"},{"key":"2023092514005624500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halperin SA, Bortolussi R, Langley JM, Eastwood BJ, De Serres G. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of erythromycin estolate chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of children with culture-positive Bordetella pertussis infection. Pediatrics.\u20081999;104(4). Available at: www.pediatrics.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/104\/4\/e42","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.4.e42"},{"key":"2023092514005624500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bass JW, Zacher LL. Do newborn infants have passive immunity to pertussis?Pediatr Infect Dis J.\u20081989;8:352\u2013353","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198906000-00004"},{"key":"2023092514005624500_R7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis among adolescents: use of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccines. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.\u20082006; In press"},{"key":"2023092514005624500_R8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pertussis vaccination: use of acellular pertussis vaccines among infants and young children. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) [published correction appears in MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997; 46:706]. MMWR Recomm Rep.\u20081997;46(RR-7):1\u201325"},{"key":"2023092514005624500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farizo KM, Cochi SL, Zell ER, Brink EW, Wassilak SG, Patriarca PA. Epidemiological features of pertussis in the United States, 1980\u20131989. Clin Infect Dis.\u20081992;14:708\u2013719","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.3.708"},{"key":"2023092514005624500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guris D, Strebel PM, Bardenheier B, et al. Changing epidemiology of pertussis in the United States: increasing reported incidence among adolescents and adults, 1990\u20131996. Clin Infect Dis.\u20081999;28:1230\u20131237","DOI":"10.1086\/514776"},{"key":"2023092514005624500_R11","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage among children aged 19\u201335 months: Unites States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.\u20082004;53:658\u2013661"},{"key":"2023092514005624500_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strebel P, Nordin J, Edwards K, et al. Population-based incidence of pertussis among adolescents and adults, Minnesota, 1995\u20131996. J Infect Dis.\u20082001;183:1353\u20131359","DOI":"10.1086\/319853"},{"key":"2023092514005624500_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward JI, Cherry JD, Chang Swei-Ju, et al. Efficacy of an acellular pertussis vaccine among adolescents and adults. 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Pediatr Infect Dis J.\u20082003;22:628\u2013634","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000073266.30728.0e"},{"key":"2023092514005624500_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le T, Cherry JD, Chang SJ, et al. Immune responses and antibody decay after immunization of adolescents and adults with an acellular pertussis vaccine: the APERT Study. J Infect Dis.\u20082004;190:535\u2013544","DOI":"10.1086\/422035"},{"key":"2023092514005624500_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pichichero ME, Casey JR. Acellular pertussis vaccines for adolescents. Pediatr Infect Dis J.\u20082005;24(6 suppl):S117\u2013S126","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000166157.21561.78"},{"key":"2023092514005624500_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenberg DP. Pertussis in adolescents: increasing incidence brings attention to the need for booster immunization of adolescents. 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