{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T05:45:48Z","timestamp":1769924748278,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Kimura disease is a rare but distinctive chronic eosinophilic inflammatory disorder that is characterized by tumor-like lesions in the soft tissue and lymph nodes of the head and neck or parotid gland. Recently, many immunopathogenetic features of underlying T lymphocytes and related cytokines have been noted in Kimura disease. However, few previous studies have investigated the serial levels of cytokines in children. In this report we describe an 11-year-old Japanese boy with relapsing Kimura disease. Before the diagnosis of Kimura disease, the patient had a swelling on his left neck. Steroids were effective, but the tumor relapsed within a few months as the steroids were tapered. He was treated with steroids and cyclosporine. This treatment was done by measuring serial levels of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and eosinophil cationic protein. These results suggest the activation of T-helper cells and T-helper 2 cytokines, that after activated B cells and eosinophilic infiltration play an important role in Kimura disease, and that cyclosporine suppresses the activity of this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,15]],"date-time":"2006-08-15T00:29:27Z","timestamp":1155601767000},"page":"e921-e923","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Combined Treatment of Steroids and Cyclosporine in Kimura Disease"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Kuboshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuyo","family":"Kashiwagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kouji","family":"Takekuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Hoshika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120822534508900_R1","unstructured":"Kimura T, Yoshimura S, Ishikawa E. On the unusual granulation combined with hyperplastic changes of lymphatic tissues. Trans Soc Pathol Jpn.\u20081948;37:179\u2013180"},{"key":"2021120822534508900_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katagiri K, Itami S, Hatano Y, Yamaguchi T, Takayasu S. In vivo expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-gamma mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and effect of cyclosporin A in a patient with Kimura's disease. Br J Dermatol.\u20081997;137:972\u2013977","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1997.tb01562.x"},{"key":"2021120822534508900_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reed RJ, Terazakis N. Subcutaneous angioblastic lymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (Kimura's disease). Cancer.\u20081972;29:489\u2013497","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197202)29:2<489::AID-CNCR2820290239>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"2021120822534508900_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chartapisak W, Opastirakul S. Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome associated with Kimura's disease. Am J Nephrol.\u20082002;22:381\u2013384","DOI":"10.1159\/000065232"},{"key":"2021120822534508900_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Renauld JC. New insights into the role of cytokines in asthma. J Clin Pathol.\u20082001;54:577\u2013589","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.54.8.577"},{"key":"2021120822534508900_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavernier J, Plaetinck G, Guisez Y, et al. The role of interleukin 5 in the production and function of eosinophils. In: Whetton AD, Gordon J, eds. Blood Cell Biochemistry. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1996: 321\u2013361","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-585-31728-1_13"},{"key":"2021120822534508900_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimura Y, Pawankar R, Aoki M, Niimi Y, Kawana S. Mast cells and T cells in Kimura's disease express increased levels of interleukin-4, interleukin-5, eotaxin and RANTES [published correction appears in Clin Exp Allergy. 2003;33:538]. Clin Exp Allergy.\u20082002;32:1787\u20131793","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2002.01552.x"},{"key":"2021120822534508900_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanchard C, Wang N, Stringer FK, et al. Eotaxin-3 and a uniquely conserved gene-expression profile in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Clin Invest.\u20082006; 116: 536\u2013547","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI26679"},{"key":"2021120822534508900_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsukadaira A, Kitano K, Okubo Y, et al. A case of pathophysiologic study in Kimura's disease: measurement of cytokines and surface analysis of eosinophils. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.\u20081998;81:423\u2013427","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63139-0"},{"key":"2021120822534508900_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakahara C, Wada T, Kusakari J, et al. Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome associated with Kimura disease. Pediatr Nephrol.\u20082000;14:482\u2013485","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050798"},{"key":"2021120822534508900_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Day TA, Abreo F, Hoajsoe DK, Aarstad RF, Stucker FJ. Treatment of Kimura's disease: a therapeutic enigma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.\u20081995;112:333\u2013337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(95)70259-8"},{"key":"2021120822534508900_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chusid MJ, Rock AL, Sty JR, Oechler HW, Beste DJ. Kimura disease: an unusual cause of cervical tumor. Arch Dis Child.\u20081997;77:153\u2013154","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.77.2.153"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/118\/3\/e921\/1073042\/zpe0090600e921.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/118\/3\/e921\/1073042\/zpe0090600e921.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T02:47:44Z","timestamp":1639018064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/118\/3\/e921\/69302\/Combined-Treatment-of-Steroids-and-Cyclosporine-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2006-0487","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]}}}