{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T13:17:57Z","timestamp":1746710277262,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES. A link between intrauterine growth restriction and major adult-onset diseases has been reported. In this study we observed a series of hitherto-unrecognized clinical features in a population of children with intrauterine growth restriction.<\/jats:p><jats:p>PATIENTS AND METHODS. A total of 77 Italian children (aged 9.45 \u00b1 2.08 years) with antenatally diagnosed intrauterine growth restriction and small-for-gestational-age birth, along with their parents, were examined. The children with intrauterine growth restriction and were small for gestational age were subdivided into 2 groups (\u201cvariant\u201d versus control subjects) according to evidence of auricle morphology deviation from normal. The following variables were determined: (1) external ear auricle geometry; (2) function of the posterior communicating arteries of the circle of Willis, as assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography; (3) articular mobility, as assessed by Beighton's 9-point scale; (4) skin softness; and (5) distortion product\u2013evoked otoacoustic emissions.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS. Intrauterine growth restriction\u2013variant children (n = 27) showed a significant female predominance, a lower proportion of maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension\/ preeclampsia, and a higher head circumference as compared with intrauterine growth restriction control subjects. Mothers of small-for-gestational-age\u2013variant children showed significantly different auricular geometry parameters as compared with the intrauterine growth restriction controls mothers. An excess of bilaterally nonfunctioning posterior communicating arteries was observed both in the children with the intrauterine growth restriction\u2013variant phenotype and their mothers as compared with the control groups. Significantly increased proportions of joint hypermobility and skin softness were observed in the intrauterine growth restriction\u2013variant children as compared with controls subjects. Children with the intrauterine growth restriction\u2013variant phenotype and their mothers showed bilateral distortion product\u2013evoked otoacoustic emissions notches versus none in the control subjects, with an associated reduction of the area under the curve in both the intrauterine growth restriction\u2013variant children and their mothers. No significant differences between the variant and control groups regarding the fathers were observed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. We propose that the observed phenotypical constellation may represent an unrecognized variant of intrauterine growth restriction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,20]],"date-time":"2007-03-20T00:21:51Z","timestamp":1174350111000},"page":"e983-e990","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A New Phenotypical Variant of Intrauterine Growth Restriction?"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"DeFelice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Tassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Ultrasonology, Department of Neurosciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"De Capua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Audiology Unit, Dipartimento Cefalico-scheletrico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, AOUS Nose and Throat"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Jaubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Ho\u0302pital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics Unit, Ospedale Di Venere, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Quartulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Perrino Hospital, Brindisi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Tonni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guastalla Civil Hospital, AUSL Reggio Emilia, Guastalla, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Costantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Audiologic Screening Service, USL7, Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirella","family":"Strambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Latini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Perrino Hospital, Brindisi, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Lecce Section, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120823303796500_R1","unstructured":"Dogra VS, Bhatt S. Intrauterine growth retardation. Available at: www.emedicine.com\/radio\/topic364.htm. Accessed July 21, 2005"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker DJ, Lackland DT. Prenatal influences on stroke mortality in England and Wales. Stroke.\u20082003;34:1598\u2013602","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000077257.27430.7E"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker DJ. Developmental origins of adult health and disease. J Epidemiol Community Health.\u20082004;58:114\u2013115","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.58.2.114"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latini G, De Mitri B, Del Vecchio A, Chitano G, DeFelice C, Zetterstrom R. Abdominal organ growth in intrauterine growth retardation: fetal \u201cprogramming\u201d causing \u201cmetabolic syndrome\u201d in adult age. Acta Paediatr.\u20082004;93:1635\u20131639","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250410023106"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godfrey KM, Barker DJ, Peace J, Cloke J, Osmond C. Relation of fingerprints and shape of the palm to fetal growth and adult blood pressure. BMJ.\u20081993;307:405\u2013409","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6901.405"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manning JT, Callow M, Bundred PE. Finger and toe ratios in humans and mice: implications for the aetiology of diseases influenced by HOX genes. Med Hypotheses.\u20082003;60:340\u2013343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(02)00400-0"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronalds G, Phillips DI, Godfrey KM, Manning JT. The ratio of second to fourth digit lengths: a marker of impaired fetal growth?Early Hum Dev.\u20082002;68:21\u201326","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(02)00009-9"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R8","unstructured":"Parazzini F, Cortinovis I, Bortolus R, Fedele L. Standards of birth weight in Italy [in Italian] Ann Ostet Ginecol Med Perinat.\u20081991;112:203\u2013246"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cacciari E, Milani S, Balsamo A, et al. Italian cross-sectional growth charts for height, weight and BMI (6\u201320 y). Eur J Clin Nutr.\u20082002;56:171\u2013180","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601314"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehrenberg HM, Dierker L, Milluzzi C, Mercer BM. Low maternal weight, failure to thrive in pregnancy, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol.\u20082003;189:1726\u20131730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(03)00860-3"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R11","unstructured":"Strambi M, Vezzosi P, Buoni S, Berni S, Longini M. Blood pressure in the small-for-gestational age newborn. Minerva Pediatr.\u20082004;56:603\u2013610"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menghetti E, Virdis R, Strambi M, et al. Blood pressure in childhood and adolescence: the Italian normal standards. Study Group on Hypertension' of the Italian Society of Pediatrics'. J Hypertens.\u20081999;17:1363\u20131372","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199917100-00002"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palmer AR, Strobeck C. Fluctuating asymmetry: measurement, analysis and pattern. Annu Rev Ecol Syst.\u20081986;17:391\u2013421","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.17.110186.002135"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumgartner RW. Transcranial color duplex sonography in cerebrovascular disease: a systematic review. Cerebrovasc Dis.\u20082003;16:4\u201313","DOI":"10.1159\/000070108"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R15","unstructured":"Hoksbergen AW, Majoie CB, Hulsmans FJ, Legemate DA. Assessment of the collateral function of the circle of Willis: three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography compared with transcranial color-coded duplex sonography. Am J Neuroradiol.\u20082003;24:456\u2013462"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R16","unstructured":"Newell DW, Aaslid R. Transcranial Doppler. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1992"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beighton P, Solomon L, Soskolne CL. Articular mobility in an African population. Ann Rheum Dis.\u20081973;32:413\u2013418","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.32.5.413"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carter C, Wilkinson J. Persistent joint laxity and congenital dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br.\u20081964;46:40\u201345","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.46B1.40"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R19","unstructured":"Klemp P, Stevens JE, Isaacs S. A hypermobility study in ballet dancers. J Rheumatol.\u20081984;11:692\u2013696"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemp DT. Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory system. J Acoust Soc Am.\u20081978;64:1386\u20131391","DOI":"10.1121\/1.382104"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Probst R, Lonsbury-Martin BL, Martin GK. A review of otoacoustic emissions. J Acoust Soc Am.\u20081991;89:2027\u20132067","DOI":"10.1121\/1.400897"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeFelice C, De Capua B, Tassi R, Mencattini G, Passali D. Non-functioning posterior communicating arteries of circle of Willis in idiopathic sudden hearing loss. Lancet.\u20082000;356:1237\u20131238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02790-2"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R23","unstructured":"De Capua B, DeFelice C, D'Onza M, et al. Idiopathic sudden hearing loss: role of the posterior communicating cerebral arteries of the Willis' circle [in Italian]. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital.\u20082001;21:144\u2013150"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tassi R, DeFelice C, De Capua B, et al. Cerebrovascular hemodynamic changes in subjective idiopathic tinnitus [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis.\u20082003;16(suppl):25","DOI":"10.1159\/000070274"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunter AGW, Yotsuyanagi T. The external ear: more attention to detail may aid syndrome diagnosis and contribute answers to embryological questions. Am J Med Genet A.\u20082005;135:237\u2013250","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30723"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bader D, Grun M, Riskin-Mashiah S, et al. Auricular mild error of morphogenesis: epidemiological analysis, local correlations and clinical significance. Ann Genet.\u20082004;47:225\u2013234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anngen.2004.02.007"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spilman L. Examination of the external ear. Adv Neonatal Care.\u20082002;2:72\u201380","DOI":"10.1053\/adnc.2002.32041"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Centini G, DeFelice C. Abnormal external ear shape: a new clinical sign in idiopathic fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gyn.\u20082004;3:366","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1671"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R29","unstructured":"Strasnick B, Moody Antonio S. Inner ear, syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Available at: www.emedicine.com\/ENT\/topic225.htm. Accessed August 30, 2006"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang JJ, Tsai CC, Hsu HM, Shiao JY, Su CC, Li SY. Hearing loss associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct and Mondini dysplasia is caused by splice-site mutation in the PDS gene. Hear Res.\u20082005;199:22\u201330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2004.08.007"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu CC, Chen YS, Chen PJ, Hsu CJ. Common clinical features of children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct and Mondini dysplasia. Laryngoscope.\u20082005;115:132\u2013137","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000150691.85387.3f"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R32","unstructured":"Padget DH. The development of the cranial arteries in the human embryo. Contrib Embryol. 1948;32:205\u2013261"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R33","unstructured":"Padget DH. The circle of Willis, its embryology and anatomy. In: Dandy WE ed. Intracranial Arterial Aneurysms. Ithaca, NY: Comstock Publishing Co; 1944:67\u201390"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fekete DM, Muthukumar S, Karagogeos D. Hair cells and supporting cells share a common progenitor in the avian inner ear. J Neurosci.\u20081998;18:7811\u20137821","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-19-07811.1998"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vougiouka O, Moustaki M, Tsanaktsi M. Benign hypermobility syndrome in Greek schoolchildren. Eur J Pediatr.\u20082000;159:628","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008391"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeFelice C, Di Maggio G, Toti P, et al. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and asymptomatic joint hypermobility. J Pediatr.\u20082001;138:596\u2013598","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.112175"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grahame R. Joint hypermobility and genetic collagen disorders: are they related?Arch Dis Child.\u20081999;80:188\u2013191","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.80.2.188"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotzot D, Utermann G. Uniparental disomy (UPD) other than 15. Am J Med Genet A.\u20082005;136:287\u2013305","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30483"},{"key":"2021120823303796500_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gicquel C, Rossignol S, Cabrol S, et al. Epimutation of the telomeric imprinting center region on chromosome 11p15 in Silver-Russel syndrome. Nat Genet.\u20082005;37:1003\u20131007","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1629"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/119\/4\/e983\/1118793\/zpe0040700e983.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/119\/4\/e983\/1118793\/zpe0040700e983.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T03:21:02Z","timestamp":1683775262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/119\/4\/e983\/70147\/A-New-Phenotypical-Variant-of-Intrauterine-Growth"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2006-2523","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-4005"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-4275"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]}}}