{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T11:48:03Z","timestamp":1774352883222,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE. To report a tertiary care hospital's 30-year experience with the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of infant botulism in the PICU before and after the availability of Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous.<\/jats:p><jats:p>METHODS. This was a retrospective medical chart review of the 67 patients who had received a diagnosis of infant botulism and were admitted to the ICU from 1976 to 2005. The ages on presentation, length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay, length of mechanical ventilation, and type of botulism toxin were recorded and compared for patients who had received Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous and those who had not. On the basis of our results, conclusions were drawn regarding the effect of Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous on the morbidity of infant botulism.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS. Sixty-seven patients\u2019 charts were reviewed; 23 male and 29 female patients did not receive Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous. Of patients who did not receive Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous, the median age at presentation was 71 days, median length of hospital stay was 35 days, ICU stay was 24 days, and duration of mechanical ventilation was 17 days. A total of 40% had type A toxin, and 60% had type B toxin. There was a significant difference between patients with toxin types A and B in length of hospital stay but not length of ICU stay or mechanical ventilation. Patients with type A toxin were significantly older than patients with type B toxin. Fifteen children received Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous. There were statistically significant differences in length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay, and length of mechanical ventilation between patients who received Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous and those who did not.<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. The use of Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous significantly decreased the length of ICU stay, length of mechanical ventilation, and overall hospital stay in children with infant botulism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,30]],"date-time":"2007-11-30T17:33:39Z","timestamp":1196444019000},"page":"e1380-e1385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Infant Botulism: A 30-Year Experience Spanning the Introduction of Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous in the Intensive Care Unit at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Underwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Deakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Newth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120901575569200_R1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Botulism. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2001. Available at: www.cdc.gov\/ncidod\/dbmd\/diseaseinfo\/botulism-g.htm. Accessed October 1, 2006"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R2","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics. Clostridial infections. In: Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Long SS, McMillan JA, eds. Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 27th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2006:257\u2013260"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson JA, Filloux FM, Van Orman CB, et al. Infant botulism in the age of botulism immune globulin. Neurology.\u20082005;64:2029\u20132032","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000166950.35189.5E"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R4","unstructured":"Arnon SS. Infant botulism. In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, Demmler GJ, Kaplan SL, eds. Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 5th ed. Vol 2. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2003;1758\u20131766"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R5","unstructured":"Samuelson J. Infectious diseases. In: Cotran R, Kumar V, Collins T, eds. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1999:368\u2013369"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R6","unstructured":"California Department of Health Services. Infant botulism-cases and costs-1985\u20131994. Biweekly Report from the Division of Communicable Disease Control; 1995: June 30. Available at: www.dhs.ca.gov\/ps\/dcdc\/cm\/950630cm.htm. Accessed October 1, 2006"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnon SS. Clinical Trial of Human Botulism Immune Globulin: Botulism and Tetanus Neurotoxins. New York, NY: Plenum; 1993:477\u2013482","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9542-4_53"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnon SA, Schechter R, Maslanka SE, Jewell NP, Hatheway CL. Human botulism immune globulin for the treatment of infant botulism. N Engl J Med.\u20082006;354:462\u2013471","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051926"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Midura TF, Arnon SS. Infant botulism: identification of Clostridium botulinum and its toxins in faeces. Lancet.\u20081976;2(7992):934\u2013935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)90894-1"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schreiner MS, Field E, Ruddy R. Infant botulism: a review of 12 years\u2019 experience at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Pediatrics.\u20081991;87:159\u2013165","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.87.2.159"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R11","unstructured":"Arnon SS. Infant botulism treatment and prevention program: open-label administration of Human Botulism Immune Globulin. Available at: www.dhs.ca.gov\/dcdc\/infantbot\/openlbl.htm. Accessed October 1, 2006"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnon SS. Infant botulism. Annu Rev Med.\u20081980;31:541\u2013560","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.31.020180.002545"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis L. Botulism. Curr Treat Options Neurol.5:23\u201331, 2003","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-003-0020-1"},{"key":"2021120901575569200_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francisco AM, Arnon SS. Clinical mimics of infant botulism. Pediatrics.\u20082007;119:826\u2013828","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0645"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/120\/6\/e1380\/1175136\/zpe012070e1380.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/120\/6\/e1380\/1175136\/zpe012070e1380.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T01:40:53Z","timestamp":1684114853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/120\/6\/e1380\/70526\/Infant-Botulism-A-30-Year-Experience-Spanning-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2006-3276","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]}}}