{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T21:48:27Z","timestamp":1771364907874,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE. We sought to investigate the risk of serious neurologic disease after immunization in early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>METHODS. The results of a 3-year prospective study of children (2\u201335 months old) in Britain and Ireland with encephalitis and\/or severe illness with convulsions and fever were linked to each child's vaccine history. Cases were reported via the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit's network. The self-controlled case-series method was used to investigate associations between immunization and acute potential adverse events. The risk periods investigated were 0 to 3 and 0 to 7 days post\u2013diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b or meningococcal C conjugate vaccine and 6 to 11 and 15 to 35 days post\u2013measles, mumps, rubella vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS. A total of 157 disease episodes from 155 children met the analytical case definition. There were 11 cases of herpes simplex encephalitis and 23 cases of primary human herpesvirus 6 and\/or 7 infection. There was no evidence of a raised relative incidence of serious neurologic disease in any of the specified risk periods with the exception of a raised relative incidence of 5.68 in the 6\u201311 days after measles, mumps, rubella vaccine. Based on this relative incidence, between 3 and 6 of the 6 cases in this period were estimated to be attributable to the vaccine with a best estimate of 5. The 6 cases all had fever with convulsions lasting &amp;gt;30 minutes; in all but 1, there was complete recovery by discharge from hospital. Of the 5 patients who recovered, 1 had a concurrent primary human herpesvirus 6 infection and one a primary human herpesvirus 7.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Six to 11 days after measles, mumps, rubella vaccine there is an increased risk of fever and convulsions lasting &amp;gt;30 minutes. All 6 of the episodes temporally related to immunization met the criteria for complex febrile convulsions. The estimated attributable risk of serious neurological disease was similar to that previously found for measles vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T17:53:25Z","timestamp":1185990805000},"page":"314-321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Risk of Serious Neurologic Disease After Immunization of Young Children in Britain and Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Katherine N.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Virology (UCL Campus), Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi J.","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Virology (UCL Campus), Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick J.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Bowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Virology (UCL Campus), Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anu","family":"Ohrling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Virology (UCL Campus), Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Verity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Development Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Euan M.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Studies Department, King's College, Strand, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120901502916200_R1","unstructured":"Fenner F, Henderson DA, Arita I, et al. 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