{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:00:46Z","timestamp":1761512446455,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria is a disease of global importance and accounts for up to 500 million cases per year. Nearly all malaria cases in the United States occur among persons who have traveled to areas with ongoing malaria transmission. Among the cases of malaria reported in the United States in 2000\u20132005, 695 were in US residents under the age of 18 years. The association of malaria with the sickle cell hemoglobin is well described in Africa but is a rare occurrence in the United States. Here we report 5 cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in siblings of a family who had traveled to Africa without taking chemoprophylaxis. Two of the children had sickle cell anemia, and 1 of them developed severe life-threatening malaria and hemolysis. The 3 other siblings had sickle cell trait, 2 of whom had complicated malaria. Patients who have sickle cell disease and are infected with malaria are prone to hyperhemolytic crisis; therefore, this complication should be anticipated. The patients we describe emphasize the significance of prompt recognition of malaria and comorbidities and institution of appropriate treatment. The importance of antimalarial prophylaxis should be communicated to parents of children who are traveling to endemic areas as part of routine child care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,31]],"date-time":"2007-08-31T16:34:17Z","timestamp":1188578057000},"page":"e745-e748","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical Malaria and Sickle Cell Disease Among Multiple Family Members in Chicago, Illinois"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Glikman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phuc","family":"Nguyen-Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacquelin M.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Daum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Marcinak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120902261460600_R1","unstructured":"Fairhurst RM, Wellems TE. Plasmodium species (malaria). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2005:3121\u20133144"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R2","unstructured":"Skarbinski J, Eliades MJ, Causer LM, et al. Malaria surveillance: United States, 2004. MMWR Surveill Summ.\u20082006;55:23\u201337"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newman RD, Parise ME, Barber AM, Steketee RW. Malaria-related deaths among U.S. travelers, 1963\u20132001. Ann Intern Med.\u20082004;141:547\u2013555","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-7-200410050-00012"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnston SP, Pieniazek NJ, Xayavong MV, Slemenda SB, Wilkins PP, da Silva AJ. PCR as a confirmatory technique for laboratory diagnosis of malaria. J Clin Microbiol.\u20082006;44:1087\u20131089","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.3.1087-1089.2006"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonds DR. Three decades of innovation in the management of sickle cell disease: the road to understanding the sickle cell disease clinical phenotype. Blood Rev.\u20082005;19:99\u2013110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2004.04.002"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allison AC. Protection afforded by sickle-cell trait against subtertian malareal infection. Br Med J.\u20081954;1(4857):290\u2013294","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4857.290"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams TN, Mwangi TW, Wambua S, et al. Sickle cell trait and the risk of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and other childhood diseases. J Infect Dis.\u20082005;192:178\u2013186","DOI":"10.1086\/430744"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juwah AI, Nlemadim EU, Kaine W. Types of anaemic crises in paediatric patients with sickle cell anaemia seen in Enugu, Nigeria. Arch Dis Child.\u20082004;89:572\u2013576","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.037374"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleming AF. The presentation, management and prevention of crisis in sickle cell disease in Africa. Blood Rev.\u20081989;3:18\u201328","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-960X(89)90022-2"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freedman DO, Weld LH, Kozarsky PE, et al. Spectrum of disease and relation to place of exposure among ill returned travelers [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2006;355:967]. N Engl J Med.\u20082006;354:119\u2013130","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051331"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R11","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: malaria in Kingston, Jamaica\u2014recommendations for travelers. Available at: www.cdc.gov\/travel\/other\/2006\/malaria_jamaica.htm. Accessed December 29, 2006"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivera-Matos IR, Atkins JT, Doerr CA, White AC. Pediatric malaria in Houston, Texas. Am J Trop Med Hyg.\u20081997;57:560\u2013563","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.560"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angell SY, Cetron MS. Health disparities among travelers visiting friends and relatives abroad. Ann Intern Med.\u20082005;142:67\u201372","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00013"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emanuel B, Aronson N, Shulman S. Malaria in children in Chicago. Pediatrics.\u20081993;92:83\u201385","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.1.83"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R15","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Treatment of malaria (guidelines for clinicians). Available at: www.cdc.gov\/malaria\/diagnosis_treatment\/tx_Clinicians.htm. Accessed June 19, 2007"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amin AA, Snow RW, Kokwaro GO. The quality of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine products in the Kenyan retail sector. J Clin Pharm Ther.\u20082005;30:559\u2013565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2005.00685.x"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen LH, Wilson ME, Schlagenhauf P. Prevention of malaria in long-term travelers. JAMA.\u20082006;296:2234\u20132244","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.18.2234"},{"key":"2021120902261460600_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wongsrichanalai C, Pickard AL, Wernsdorfer WH, Meshnick SR. Epidemiology of drug-resistant malaria. 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