{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T08:52:43Z","timestamp":1774947163947,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE. Current guidelines for optimal restraint of children in motor vehicles recommend the center rear seating location for installing a child-restraint system. However, recent research on child occupants in child-restraint system has brought this into question. The objective of this study was to describe seating position patterns among appropriately restrained child occupants aged 0 to 3 years in the rear row of vehicles. In addition, we determined the association between rear row seating location and risk of injury.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>METHODS. We studied data collected on child occupants from December 1, 1998, to December 31, 2006, via insurance claim records and a validated telephone survey. The study sample included child occupants aged 0 to 3 years seated in a child-restraint system in the rear row of the vehicle, model year 1990 or newer, involved in a crash in 16 states. Children were classified as injured if a parent or driver reported an injury corresponding with Abbreviated Injury Scale scores of \u22652.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS. Seating position distribution for child occupants was as follows: left outboard (31%), center (28%), and right outboard (41%). There was an inverse relationship between the center position and increasing child age (39% for occupants &amp;lt;1 year old versus 18% for occupants 3 years old), independent of the number of additional row occupants. Child occupants seated in the center had an injury risk 43% less than children seated in either of the rear outboard positions.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. The most common seating position for appropriately restrained child occupants in a child-restraint system is the right rear outboard. The center rear seating position is used less often by children restrained by a child-restraint system as they get older. Children seated in the center rear have a 43% lower risk of injury compared with children in a rear outboard position.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T14:30:12Z","timestamp":1209652212000},"page":"e1342-e1347","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Seating Patterns and Corresponding Risk of Injury Among 0- to 3-Year-Old Children in Child Safety Seats"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Kallan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis R.","family":"Durbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristy B.","family":"Arbogast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120908282525100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics. 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