{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T15:17:12Z","timestamp":1778685432647,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to describe the spectrum of clinical phenotypes, laboratory and imaging features, and treatment in pediatric patients with neuromyelitis optica.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study consisted of a retrospective chart review of patients followed in a pediatric multiple sclerosis center with a diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS. Nine patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders were included, all of whom were female. There were 4 black children, 2 Latin American children, 2 white children, and 1 child of mixed Latin American\/white heritage. Median age at initial attack was 14 years (range: 1.9\u201316 years). Median disease duration was 4 years (range: 0.6\u20139 years). Tests for neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G were positive for 7 patients. Eight patients had transverse myelitis and optic neuritis, and 1 patient had longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis without optic neuritis but had a positive neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G antibody titer. Cerebral involvement on MRI was found in all subjects, 5 of whom were symptomatic with encephalopathy, seizures, hemiparesis, aphasia, vomiting, or hiccups. Immunosuppressive therapy reduced attack frequency and progression of disability.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Pediatric neuromyelitis optica has a diverse clinical presentation and may be difficult to distinguish from multiple sclerosis in the early stages of the disease. The recognition of the broad spectrum of this disease to include signs and symptoms of brain involvement is aided by the availability of a serum biomarker: neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G. Early diagnosis and immunosuppresive treatment may help to slow the accumulation of severe disability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,7]],"date-time":"2008-10-07T00:26:07Z","timestamp":1223339167000},"page":"e1039-e1047","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Spectrum of Pediatric Neuromyelitis Optica"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Lotze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Departments of Neurology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Northrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Human Genetics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George J.","family":"Hutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jade S.","family":"Schiffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill V.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120902392225300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frohman EM, Kerr D. Is neuromyelitis optica distinct from multiple sclerosis?: something for \u201clumpers\u201d and \u201csplitters.\u201d Arch Neurol.\u20082007;64(6):903\u2013905","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.6.903"},{"key":"2021120902392225300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galetta SL, Bennett J. Neuromyelitis optica is a variant of multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol.\u20082007;64(6):901\u2013903","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.6.901"},{"key":"2021120902392225300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roach ES. 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