{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T15:42:07Z","timestamp":1793374927462,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE. Cerebral malaria affects &amp;gt;785000 African children every year. We previously documented an increased frequency of cognitive impairment in children with cerebral malaria 6 months after their initial malaria episode. This study was conducted to determine the long-term effects of cerebral malaria on the cognitive function of these children.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>METHODS. Children who were 5 to 12 years of age and presented to Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, with cerebral malaria (n = 44) or uncomplicated malaria (n = 54), along with healthy, asymptomatic community children (n = 89), were enrolled in a prospective cohort study of cognition. Cognitive testing was performed at enrollment and 2 years later. The primary outcome was presence of a deficit in \u22651 of 3 cognitive areas tested.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS. At 2-year follow-up testing, 26.3% of children with cerebral malaria and 12.5% with uncomplicated malaria had cognitive deficits in \u22651 area, as compared with 7.6% of community children. Deficits in children with cerebral malaria were primarily in the area of attention (cerebral malaria, 18.4%, vs community children, 2.5%). After adjustment for age, gender, nutrition, home environment, and school level, children with cerebral malaria had a 3.67-fold increased risk for a cognitive deficit compared with community children. Cognitive impairment at 2-year follow-up was associated with hyporeflexia on admission and neurologic deficits 3 months after discharge.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Cerebral malaria is associated with long-term cognitive impairments in 1 of 4 child survivors. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms involved so as to develop interventions aimed at prevention and rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,10]],"date-time":"2008-06-10T00:25:09Z","timestamp":1213057509000},"page":"e92-e99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":280,"title":["Cerebral Malaria in Children Is Associated With Long-term Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Chandy C.","family":"John","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bangirana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health and Community Psychology, Makerere University Institute of Psychology, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Byarugaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University Medical School and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert O.","family":"Opoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University Medical School and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Idro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University Medical School and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Jurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baolin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Boivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Neurologic and Psychiatric Epidemiology Program, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120905555518800_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy SC, Breman JG. 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