{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:03:03Z","timestamp":1783976583339,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND. No study has investigated the association between enterovirus 71 central nervous system infection and symptoms related to attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. In this study we evaluated attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\u2013related symptoms and internalizing problems as long-term sequelae resulting from enterovirus 71 central nervous system infection in children.<\/jats:p><jats:p>METHODS. We enrolled 86 children 4 to 16 years old with virus-culture\u2013confirmed enterovirus 71 infection and central nervous system involvement diagnosed 3 to 7 years before the study and 172 control subjects, matched for age, gender, and parents\u2019 education levels. Their mothers and teachers were asked to report on possible attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\u2013related symptoms, and their mothers were asked to report on possible internalizing problems. All of the children previously infected with enterovirus 71 received intelligence tests.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS. Forty-two (49%) of the children previously infected with enterovirus 71 had had viral meningitis; 35 (41%) had severe central nervous system involvement, such as encephalitis, poliomyelitis-like syndrome, or encephalomyelitis; and 9 (10%) had cardiopulmonary failure and central nervous system involvement. The children previously infected with enterovirus 71 had higher scores than matched control subjects on teacher- and mother-rated scales of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, oppositional symptoms, and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder index. The rate of elevated attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder\u2013related symptoms among children with enterovirus 71 central nervous system infection was 20%, whereas that rate among matched control subjects was only 3%. They also had more internalizing problems. Their verbal and performance IQs, as well as verbal comprehension indices, were significantly inversely correlated with symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder index scores.<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Enterovirus 71 central nervous system infection may affect long-term regulation of attention and emotion and cause hyperactivity-impulsivity in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,8]],"date-time":"2008-07-08T00:24:44Z","timestamp":1215476684000},"page":"e452-e458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity\u2013Related Symptoms Among Children With Enterovirus 71 Infection of the Central Nervous System"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Susan Shur-Fen","family":"Gau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luan-Yin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Min","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsui-Yen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Child Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzou-Yien","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Child Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120905594384600_R1","unstructured":"Shindarov LM, Chumakov MP, Voroshilova MK, et al. 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