{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:57:05Z","timestamp":1792789025376,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE. We examined the physical, cognitive, educational, social, and psychological outcomes of invasive meningococcal disease in adolescence, as well as demographic and disease factors associated with outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>METHODS. A population-based, matched-cohort study was performed. A total of 101 gender- and age-matched case-control pairs (15\u201319 years of age at the time of disease; 46% male) from 6 regions of England underwent follow-up evaluations 18 to 36 months after invasive meningococcal disease. Educational, social, and vocational function, mental health, social support, self-efficacy, and quality-of-life data were collected by using standardized questionnaires and neuropsychological tests.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS. Fifty-seven percent of case subjects (n = 58) had major physical sequelae. Survivors had greater depressive symptoms, greater fatigue, less social support, greater reduction in quality of life, and lower educational attainment compared with control subjects. Survivors with serogroup C disease had greater physical sequelae than did those with serogroup B disease. Greater cognitive deficits were associated with younger age at diagnosis. Only 53 of 101 case subjects reported any medical follow-up care after invasive meningococcal disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Survivors of invasive meningococcal disease in adolescence have a disturbing series of deficits, including poorer physical and mental health, quality of life, and educational achievement. Serogroup C is associated with poorer outcomes. Invasive meningococcal disease attributable to serogroup B disease remains a major cause of morbidity and death among adolescents. Medical care is poor after discharge from the hospital. Routine follow-up care of adolescent survivors may prevent or ameliorate physical and psychosocial morbidity after invasive meningococcal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,2]],"date-time":"2009-03-02T12:49:02Z","timestamp":1235998142000},"page":"e502-e509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Outcomes of Meningococcal Disease in Adolescence: Prospective, Matched-Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Jennie","family":"Borg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Adolescent Paediatrics, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Christie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Adolescent Paediatrics, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro G.","family":"Coen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Child Health, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Booy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Child Health, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, London, England"},{"name":"National Centre for Immunisation, Research, and Surveillance, Children's Hospital Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell M.","family":"Viner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Adolescent Paediatrics, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120902455667500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones DM, Mallard RH. Age incidence of meningococcal infection England and Wales, 1984\u20131991. J Infect.\u20081993;27(1):83\u201388","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-4453(93)93978-D"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison LH, Pass MA, Mendelsohn AB, et al. Invasive meningococcal disease in adolescents and young adults. JAMA.\u20082001;286(6):694\u2013699","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.6.694"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Connolly M, Noah N. Is group C meningococcal disease increasing in Europe? A report of surveillance of meningococcal infection in Europe 1993\u20136. Epidemiol Infect.\u20081999;122(1):41\u201349","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268898001848"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenstein NE, Perkins BA, Stephens DS, et al. The changing epidemiology of meningococcal disease in the United States, 1992\u20131996. J Infect Dis.\u20081999;180(6):1894\u20131901","DOI":"10.1086\/315158"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bose A, Coen P, Tully J, Viner R, Booy R. Effectiveness of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in teenagers in England. Lancet.\u20082003;361(9358):675\u2013676","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12563-9"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R6","unstructured":"Trotter CL, Ramsay ME, Kaczmarski EB. Meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccination in England and Wales: coverage and initial impact of the campaign. Commun Dis Public Health.\u20082002;5(3):220\u2013225"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramsay ME, Andrews N, Kaczmarski EB, Miller E. Efficacy of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine in teenagers and toddlers in England. Lancet.\u20082001;357(9251):195\u2013196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03594-7"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R8","unstructured":"Sander J, Bay D, Gedde-Dahl TW, et al. Late sequelae after meningococcal disease: a controlled study in young men. NIPH Ann.\u20081984;7(1):3\u201311"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baraff LJ, Lee SI, Schriger DL. Outcomes of bacterial meningitis in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J.\u20081993;12(5):389\u2013394","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199305000-00008"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fellick JM, Sills JA, Marzouk O, Hart CA, Cooke RW, Thomson AP. Neurodevelopmental outcome in meningococcal disease: a case-control study. Arch Dis Child.\u20082001;85(1):6\u201311","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.85.1.6"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tully J, Viner RM, Coen PG, et al. Risk and protective factors for meningococcal disease in adolescents: matched cohort study. BMJ.\u20082006;332(7539):445\u2013450","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38725.728472.BE"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grimwood K, Anderson V, Bond L, et al. Adverse outcomes of bacterial meningitis in school-age survivors. Pediatrics.\u20081995;95(5):646\u2013656","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.95.5.646"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jenkinson C, Stewart-Brown S, Petersen S, Paice C. Assessment of the SF-36 version 2 in the United Kingdom. J Epidemiol Community Health.\u20081999;53(1):46\u201350","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.1.46"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R14","unstructured":"Ware JE Jr, Kosinski M, Bayliss MS, McHorney CA, Rogers WH, Raczek A. Comparison of methods for scoring and statistical analysis of SF-36 health profile and summary measures: summary of results from the Medical Outcomes Study. Med Care.\u20081995;33(4 suppl):AS264\u2013AS279"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erickson L, De Wals P. Complications and sequelae of meningococcal disease in Quebec, Canada. Clin Infect Dis.\u20081998;26(5):1159\u20131164","DOI":"10.1086\/520303"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawlikowska T, Chalder T, Hirsch SR, Wallace P, Wright DJ, Wessely SC. Population based study of fatigue and psychological distress. BMJ.\u20081994;308(6931):763\u2013766","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6931.763"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp; 1996","DOI":"10.1037\/t00742-000"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R18","unstructured":"McCubbin H, Patterson J, Bauman E, Harris L. AFILE: Adolescent Family Inventory of Life Events. In: Olsen D, McCubbin H, Barnes H, Larsen A, Muxen M, Wilson M, eds. Family Inventories: Inventories Used in a National Survey of Families Across the Family Life Cycle. St Paul, MN: University of Minnesota; 1982:89\u2013100"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarason BR, Sarason IG, Shearin EN, Pierce R. A brief measure of social support: practical and theoretical implications. J Soc Pers Relat.\u20081987;4(4):497\u2013510","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407587044007"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R20","unstructured":"Nelson HE, Willison JR. National Adult Reading Test. 2nd ed. Windsor, England: NFER-Nelson; 1991"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R21","unstructured":"Wechsler D. WAIS-R Manual: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. New York, NY: Psychological Corp; 1981"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R22","unstructured":"Rey A. L'Examen Clinique en Psychologie [Clinical Examination in Psychology]. Paris, France: University Presses of France; 1964"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R23","unstructured":"Osterrieth PA. Le test du copie d'une figure complexe [Test of the copy of a complex figure]. Arch Psychol.\u20081944;30:206\u2013256"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R24","unstructured":"Borg J, Christie D, Coen P, Booy R, Viner RM. Outcomes of meningococcal disease during the teenage peak. Arch Dis Child.\u20082003;88(suppl 1):A6"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R25","unstructured":"Spreen O, Strauss E. A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1998"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucas S, Fitzgerald D, Redoblado-Hodge MA, et al. Neuropsychological correlates of symptom profiles in first episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res.\u20082004;71(2\u20133):323\u2013330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.03.006"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown G, Harris T. Social Origins of Depression. London, England: Tavistock Press; 1978","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700018791"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giedd JN. Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci.\u20082004;1021:77\u201385","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1308.009"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R29","unstructured":"Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Lyon, France: IARC Scientific Publications; 1983"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erickson LJ, De Wals P, McMahon J, Heim S. Complications of meningococcal disease in college students. Clin Infect Dis.\u20082001;33(5):737\u2013739","DOI":"10.1086\/322587"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang VJ, Kuppermann N, Malley R, et al. Meningococcal disease among children who live in a large metropolitan area, 1981\u20131996. Clin Infect Dis.\u20082001;32(7):1004\u20131009","DOI":"10.1086\/319595"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pathan N, Faust SN, Levin M. Pathophysiology of meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia. Arch Dis Child.\u20082003;88(7):601\u2013607","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.7.601"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benzer H, Mutz N, Pauser G. Psychosocial sequelae of intensive care. Int Anesthesiol Clin.\u20081983;21(2):169\u2013180","DOI":"10.1097\/00004311-198308000-00012"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rees G, Gledhill J, Garralda ME, Nadel S. Psychiatric outcome following paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission: a cohort study. Intensive Care Med.\u20082004;30(8):1607\u20131614","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2310-9"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosen DS, Blum RW, Britto M, Sawyer SM, Siegel DM. Transition to adult health care for adolescents and young adults with chronic conditions: position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. J Adolesc Health.\u20082003;33(4):309\u2013311","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(03)00208-8"},{"key":"2021120902455667500_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viner RM, Barker M. Young people's health: the need for action. BMJ.\u20082005;330(7496):901\u2013903","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7496.901"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/123\/3\/e502\/1067952\/zpe0030900e502.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/123\/3\/e502\/1067952\/zpe0030900e502.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T06:26:37Z","timestamp":1684909597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/123\/3\/e502\/71628\/Outcomes-of-Meningococcal-Disease-in-Adolescence"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2008-0581","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]}}}