{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T21:17:20Z","timestamp":1775510240387,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of a helium\/oxygen mixture (heliox) on pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange in preterm infants during both conventional and noninvasive ventilation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>PATIENTS AND METHODS. Ten preterm infants, ventilated from birth, were enrolled. Resistive work of breathing, pulmonary compliance, static compliance, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, ventilatory support, and gas exchange were measured before and during treatment. One hour after heliox therapy, subjects who showed a decrease of peak inspiratory pressure of &amp;gt;20% of the initial value were extubated and shifted to nasal bilevel positive airway pressure with heliox for the following 3 hours. Pulmonary mechanics and ventilatory parameters were measured during air\/oxygen ventilation and again 10 minutes and 1 hour after starting heliox. Transcutaneous pressure of O2 and CO2, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate were recorded continuously. Arterial blood gases were measured immediately before and 1 hour after initiating bilevel positive airway pressure. To maintain oxygen saturation at &amp;gt;92% during the bilevel positive airway pressure phase, the mean fraction of inspired oxygen was increased from 0.34 to 0.36.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS. Mean peak inspiratory pressure decreased from 21.4 to 17.4 cmH2O, work of breathing decreased from 0.46 to 0.22 joule\/L, and transcutaneous pressure of CO2 decreased from 52.3 to 49.1 mmHg. Mean transcutaneous pressure of O2 improved from 42.8 to 46.7 mmHg, and minute ventilation improved from 332 to 478 mL\/kg per minute. No significant differences were observed in mean airway pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, pulmonary compliance, and static compliance. Eight infants were extubated. One of them needed to be reintubated after 5 hours.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Our data show that mechanical ventilation with heliox reduces resistive work of breathing and ventilatory support requirements and improves gas exchange in preterm infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,26]],"date-time":"2009-05-26T11:28:01Z","timestamp":1243337281000},"page":"1524-1528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The Effects of Helium\/Oxygen Mixture (Heliox) Before and After Extubation in Long-term Mechanically Ventilated Very Low Birth Weight Infants"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Migliori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASO St Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Garzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vania","family":"Spinoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Chirico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120902452062200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barach A. The use of helium in the treatment of asthma and obstructive lesions in the larynx and trachea. Ann Intern Med.\u20081935;9:739\u2013765","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-9-6-739"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R2","unstructured":"Venkataraman ST. Heliox during mechanical ventilation. Respir Care.\u20082006;51(6):632\u2013639"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaeffer EM, Pohlman A, Morgan S, Hall JB. Oxygenation in status asthmaticus improves during ventilation with heliox-oxygen. Crit Care Med.\u20081999;27(12):2666\u20132670","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199912000-00010"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gluck EH, Oronato DJ, Castriotta R. Helium-oxygen mixtures in intubated patients with status asthmaticus and respiratory acidosis. Chest.\u20081990;98(3):693\u2013698","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.98.3.693"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfson MR, Bhutani VK, Shaffer TH, Bowen FW Jr. Mechanics and energetics of breathing helium in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr.\u20081984;104(5):752\u2013757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80961-0"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kao LC, Durand DJ, Nickerson BG. Improving pulmonary function does not decrease oxygen consumption in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr.\u20081988;112(4):616\u2013621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80184-7"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grosz A, Jacobs I, Cho C, Schears GJ. Use of helium-oxygen mixture to relieve upper airway obstruction in a pediatric population. Laryngoscope.\u20082001;111(9):1512\u20131514","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200109000-00004"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duncan PG. Efficacy of helium-oxygen mixtures in the management of severe viral and post-intubation croup. Can Anaesth Soc J.\u20081979;26(3):206\u2013212","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03006983"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martino\u0301n-Torres F, Rodri\u0301guez-Nu\u0301n\u0303ez A, Martino\u0301n-Sa\u0301nchez JM. Heliox therapy in infants with acute bronchiolitis. Pediatrics.\u20082002;109(1):68\u201373","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.68"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carter ER, Webb CR, Moffitt DR. Evaluation of heliox in children hospitalized with acute severe asthma: a randomized crossover trial. Chest.\u20081996;109(5):1256\u20131261","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.5.1256"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diehl JL, Mercat A, Gue\u0301rot E, et al. Helium\/oxygen mixture reduces the work of breathing at the end of the weaning process in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit Care Med.\u20082003;31(5):1415\u20131420","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000059720.79876.B5"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tassaux D, Gainnier B, Battisti A, Jolliet P. Helium-oxygen decreases inspiratory effort and work of breathing during pressure support in intubated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intensive Care Med.\u20082005;31(11):1501\u20131507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-2796-9"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papamoschou D. Theoretical validation of the respiratory benefits of helium-oxygen mixtures. Respir Physiol.\u20081995;99(1):183\u2013190","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(94)00071-7"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elleau C, Galperine RI, Guenard H, Demarquez JL. Helium-oxygen mixture in respiratory distress syndrome: a double-blind study. J Pediatr.\u20081993;122(1):132\u2013136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83506-1"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutcheon MA, Rodarte JR, Hyatt RE. Effect of breathing helium-oxygen on static lung volumes and lung recoil in normal man. J Appl Physiol.\u20081977;42(6):899\u2013902","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.42.6.899"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimitriou G, Greenough A, Endo A, Cherian S, Rafferty GF. Prediction of extubation failure in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed.\u20082002;86(1):F32\u2013F35","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.86.1.F32"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrington KJ, Bull D, Finer NN. Randomized trial of nasal synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation compared with continuous positive airway pressure after extubation of very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics.\u20082001;107(4):638\u2013641","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.4.638"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reyes ZC, Claure N, Tauscher MK, D'Ugard C, Vanbuskirk S, Bancalari E. Randomized, controlled trial comparing synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support in preterm infants. Pediatrics.\u20082006;118(4):1409\u20131417","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2923"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R19","unstructured":"Henderson-Smart DJ, Davis PG. Prophylactic methylxanthines for extubation in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.\u20082008;(2):CD000139"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migliori C, Motta M, Angeli A, Chirico G. Nasal bilevel versus continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants. Pediatr Pulmonol.\u20082005;40(5):426\u2013430","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20276"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jolliet P, Tassaux D, Thouret JM, Chevrolet JC. Beneficial effects of helium\/oxygen versus air: oxygen noninvasive pressure support in patients with decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit Care Med.\u20081999;27(11):2422\u20132429","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199911000-00017"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jolliet P, Tassaux D, Roeseler J, et al. Helium-oxygen versus air-oxygen noninvasive pressure support in decompensated chronic obstructive disease: a prospective, multicenter study. Crit Care Med.\u20082003;31(3):878\u2013884","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000055369.37620.EE"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martino\u0301n-Torres F, Rodri\u0301guez-Nu\u0301n\u0303ez A, Martino\u0301n-Sa\u0301nchez JM. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure with heliox in infants with acute bronchiolitis. Respir Med.\u20082006;100(8):1458\u20131462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.11.026"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martino\u0301n-Torres F, Rodri\u0301guez-Nu\u0301n\u0303ez A, Martino\u0301n-Sa\u0301nchez JM. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure with heliox versus air oxygen in infants with acute bronchiolitis: a crossover study. Pediatrics.\u20082008;121(5). Available at: www.pediatrics.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/121\/5\/e1190","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1840"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Gamarra E, Morette G, Farhat M, Walti H. Heliox tolerance in spontaneously breathing neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Biol Neonate.\u20081998;74(3):193\u2013199","DOI":"10.1159\/000014024"},{"key":"2021120902452062200_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gross MF, Spear RM, Peterson BM. Helium-oxygen mixture decreases intrapulmonary shunting in mechanically ventilated children with bronchiolitis. Crit Care Med.\u20081999;27(12 Suppl):A163","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199901001-00483"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/123\/6\/1524\/1007853\/zpe00609001524.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/123\/6\/1524\/1007853\/zpe00609001524.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T15:32:53Z","timestamp":1639063973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/123\/6\/1524\/71615\/The-Effects-of-Helium-Oxygen-Mixture-Heliox-Before"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2008-0937","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]}}}