{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:37:35Z","timestamp":1791070655914,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE. Pediatric influenza-associated death became a nationally notifiable condition in the United States during 2004. We describe influenza-associated pediatric mortality from 2004 to 2007, including an increase of Staphylococcus aureus coinfections.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>METHODS. Influenza-associated pediatric death is defined as a death of a child who is younger than 18 years and has laboratory-confirmed influenza. State and local health departments report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention demographic, clinical, and laboratory data on influenza-associated pediatric deaths.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS. During the 2004\u20132007 influenza seasons, 166 influenza-associated pediatric deaths were reported (n = 47, 46, and 73, respectively). Median age of the children was 5 years. Children often progressed rapidly to death; 45% died within 72 hours of onset, including 43% who died at home or in an emergency department. Of 90 children who were recommended for influenza vaccination, only 5 (6%) were fully vaccinated. Reports of bacterial coinfection increased substantially from 2004\u20132005 to 2006\u20132007 (6%, 15%, and 34%, respectively). S aureus was isolated from a sterile site or endotracheal tube culture in 1 case in 2004\u20132005, 3 cases in 2005\u20132006, and 22 cases in 2006\u20132007; 64% were methicillin-resistant S aureus. Children with S aureus coinfection were significantly older and more likely to have pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome than those who were not coinfected.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Influenza-associated pediatric mortality is rare, but the proportion of S aureus coinfection identified increased fivefold over the past 3 seasons. Research is needed to identify risk factors for influenza coinfection with invasive bacteria and to determine the impact of influenza vaccination and antiviral agents in preventing pediatric mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T13:29:28Z","timestamp":1222867768000},"page":"805-811","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":267,"title":["Influenza-Associated Pediatric Mortality in the United States: Increase of <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> Coinfection"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Lyn","family":"Finelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosaline","family":"Dhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynnette","family":"Brammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"Shay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Kamimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Hageman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Gorwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Bresee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Uyeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120902335210800_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson W, Shay D, Weintraub E, et al. 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