{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T12:27:50Z","timestamp":1771504070864,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Transiently low levels of thyroid hormones occur in \u223c50% of neonates born 24\u201328 weeks' gestation and are associated with higher rates of cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment. Raising hormone levels shows promise for improving neurodevelopmental outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To identify whether any of 4 thyroid hormone supplementation regimens could raise T4 and FT4 without suppressing TSH (biochemical euthyroidism).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>METHODS: Eligible subjects had gestational ages between 24\\batchmode \\documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\pagestyle{empty} \\begin{document} \\({0}\/{7}\\) \\end{document} and 27\\batchmode \\documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\pagestyle{empty} \\begin{document} \\({6}\/{7}\\) \\end{document} weeks and were randomized &amp;lt;24 hours of birth to one of six study arms (n = 20\u201327 per arm): placebo (vehicle: 5% dextrose), potassium iodide (30 \u03bcg\/kg\/d) and continuous or bolus daily infusions of either 4 or 8 \u03bcg\/kg\/d of T4 for 42 days. T4 was accompanied by 1 \u03bcg\/kg\/d T3 during the first 14 postnatal days and infused with 1 mg\/mL albumin to prevent adherence to plastic tubing.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS: FT4 was elevated in the first 7 days in all hormone-treated subjects; however, only the continuous 8 \u03bcg\/kg\/d treatment arm showed a significant elevation in all treatment epochs (P &amp;lt; .002 versus all other groups). TT4 remained elevated in the first 7 days in all hormone-treated subjects (P &amp;lt; .05 versus placebo or iodine arms). After 14 days, both 8 \u03bcg\/kg\/d arms as well as the continuous 4 \u03bcg\/kg\/d arm produced a sustained elevation of the mean and median TT4, &amp;gt;7 \u03bcg\/dL (90 nM\/L; P &amp;lt; .002 versus placebo). The least suppression of THS was achieved in the 4 \u03bcg\/kg\/d T4 continuous infusion arm. Although not pre-hypothesized, the duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly lower in the continuous 4 \u03bcg\/kg\/d T4 arm and in the 8 \u03bcg\/kg\/d T4 bolus arm (P &amp;lt; .05 versus remaining arms). ROP was significantly lower in the combined 4 thyroid hormone treatment arms than in the combined placebo and iodine arms (P &amp;lt; .04). NEC was higher in the combined 8 \u03bcg\/kg\/d arms (P &amp;lt; .05 versus other arms).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS: Elevation of TT4 with only modest suppression of TSH was associated with trends suggesting clinical benefits using a continuous supplement of low-dose thyroid hormone (4 \u03bcg\/kg\/d) for 42 days. Future trials will be needed to assess the long-term neurodevelopmental effects of such supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T00:13:01Z","timestamp":1246925581000},"page":"e258-e268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Phase 1 Trial of 4 Thyroid Hormone Regimens for Transient Hypothyroxinemia in Neonates of &amp;lt;28 Weeks' Gestation"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Edmund F.","family":"La Gamma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Regional Neonatal Center, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleid G.","family":"van Wassenaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital-Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Ares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, University Hospital La Paz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio G.","family":"Golombek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Regional Neonatal Center, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joke H.","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital-Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Quero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, University Hospital La Paz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology"},{"name":"Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad H.","family":"Rahbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriella Morreale","family":"de Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Autonomous University of Madrid and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Departments of"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delbert A.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Paneth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology"},{"name":"Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120905293503300_R1","unstructured":"March of Dimes Foundation. 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