{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:43:34Z","timestamp":1792449814357,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE. To compare the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in infants and preschoolers with recurrent wheezing or asthma.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>METHODS. Randomized, prospective, controlled trials published January 1996 to March 2008 with a minimum of 4 weeks of inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo were retrieved through Medline, Embase, and Central databases. The primary outcome was wheezing\/asthma exacerbations; secondary outcomes were withdrawal caused by wheezing\/asthma exacerbations, changes in symptoms score, pulmonary function (peak expiratory flow and forced expiratory volume in 1 second), or albuterol use.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS. Of eighty-nine studies identified, 29 (N = 3592 subjects) met the criteria for inclusion. Patients who received inhaled corticosteroids had significantly less wheezing\/asthma exacerbations than those on placebo (18.0% vs 32.1%); posthoc subgroup analysis suggests that this effect was higher in those with a diagnosis of asthma than wheeze but was independent of age (infants versus preschoolers), atopic condition, type of inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide metered-dose inhaler versus fluticasone metered-dose inhaler), mode of delivery (metered-dose inhaler versus nebulizer), and study quality (Jadad score: &amp;lt;4 vs \u22654) and duration (&amp;lt;12 vs \u226512 weeks). In addition, children treated with inhaled corticosteroids had significantly fewer withdrawals caused by wheezing\/asthma exacerbations, less albuterol use, and more clinical and functional improvement than those on placebo.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Infants and preschoolers with recurrent wheezing or asthma had less wheezing\/asthma exacerbations and improve their symptoms and lung function during treatment with inhaled corticosteroids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,2]],"date-time":"2009-03-02T12:49:02Z","timestamp":1235998142000},"page":"e519-e525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["Efficacy of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Infants and Preschoolers With Recurrent Wheezing and Asthma: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Jose A.","family":"Castro-Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cato\u0301lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo J.","family":"Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Emergencia, Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo and Facultad de Medicina Claeh, Prado y Salt Lake, Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120902513121900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez FD, Wright AL, Taussig LM, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Morgan WJ. 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