{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:18:57Z","timestamp":1787167137809,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: To assess functional disability in children born before 26 weeks of gestation at 11 years of age and the stability of findings in individuals between 6 and 11 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS: Of 307 surviving children born in 1995, 219 (71%) were assessed at 11 years of age alongside 153 classmates. Children were evaluated by using standardized tests of cognitive ability and clinical condition at both ages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS: Using classmate data to determine reference ranges, serious cognitive impairment (score of less than \u22122 SD) was present in 40% of extremely preterm children and 1.3% of classmates (odds ratio [OR]: 50 [95% confidence interval (CI): 12\u2013206]) at 11 years of age. Overall, 38 (17%) extremely preterm children had cerebral palsy; moderate or severe impairment of neuromotor function, vision, and hearing was present in 10%, 9%, and 2% of these children, respectively. Combining impairment across domains, 98 (45%) extremely preterm children had serious functional disability compared with 1% of the classmates (OR: 61 [95% CI: 15\u2013253]); this was more common in boys than girls (OR: 1.8 [95% CI: 1.0\u20133.1]) and in those born at 23 or 24 weeks' gestation compared with those born at 25 weeks' gestation (OR: 1.8 [95% CI: 1.0\u20133.1]). The prevalence of serious functional disability was 46% at 6 years of age and 45% at 11 years of age. Using multiple imputation to correct for selective dropout, it is estimated that 50% (95% CI: 44%\u201357%) of extremely preterm children are free of serious disability at 11 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS: Extremely preterm children remain at high risk for neurodevelopmental disability at 11 years of age compared with term peers. The prevalence of disability remained stable between 6 and 11 years of age, and large individual shifts in classification of disability were unusual.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,27]],"date-time":"2009-07-27T07:32:55Z","timestamp":1248679975000},"page":"e249-e257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":229,"title":["Neurodevelopmental Disability Through 11 Years of Age in Children Born Before 26 Weeks of Gestation"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Division of Human Development and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Fawke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Development and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enid","family":"Hennessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Rowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Development and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Wolke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Health Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Marlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120905282253300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson P, Doyle LW. 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