{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:08:14Z","timestamp":1767827294335,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: Several untoward health effects of phthalates, which are a group of industrial chemicals with many commercial uses including personal-care products and plastic materials, have been defined. The most commonly used, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), is known to have antiandrogenic or estrogenic effects or both. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP) is the main metabolite of DEHP. In this study, we aimed to determine the plasma DEHP and MEHP levels in pubertal gynecomastia cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group comprised 40 newly diagnosed pubertal gynecomastia cases who were admitted to Hacettepe University Ihsan Dog\u0306ramac\u0131 Children's Hospital. The control group comprised 21 age-matched children without gynecomastia or other endocrinologic disorder. Plasma DEHP and MEHP levels were measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum hormone levels were determined in some pubertal gynecomastia cases according to the physician's evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS: Plasma DEHP and MEHP levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the pubertal gynecomastia group compared with the control group (P &amp;lt; .001) (DEHP, 4.66 \u00b1 1.58 and 3.09 \u00b1 0.90 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively [odds ratio: 2.77 (95% confidence interval: 1.48\u20135.21)]; MEHP, 3.19 \u00b1 1.41 and 1.37 \u00b1 0.36 \u03bcg\/mL [odds ratio: 24.76 (95% confidence interval: 3.5\u2013172.6)]). There was a statistically significant correlation between plasma DEHP and MEHP levels (r: 0.58; P &amp;lt; .001). In the pubertal gynecomastia group, no correlation could be determined between plasma DEHP and MEHP levels and any of the hormone levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS: DEHP, which has antiandrogenic or estrogenic effects, may be an etiologic factor in pubertal gynecomastia. These results may pioneer larger-scale studies on the etiologic role of DEHP in pubertal gynecomastia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T01:38:56Z","timestamp":1260841136000},"page":"e122-e129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Plasma Phthalate Levels in Pubertal Gynecomastia"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Erdem","family":"Durmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elif N.","family":"O\u0308zmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"Erkekog\u0306lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belma","family":"Giray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orhan","family":"Derman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filiz","family":"H\u0131ncal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kadriye","family":"Yurdako\u0308k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120821220323100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nydick M, Butos J, Dale JH, Rawson RW. 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