{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:42:36Z","timestamp":1773153756251,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the prognostic significance of elevated albuminuria in youth with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cross-sectional and prospective studies were conducted on Pima Indian youth aged 5 to 19 years at baseline who were examined between July 1, 1982, and December 31, 2007. Prevalence and sequential changes in the level of microalbuminuria (30 \u2264 albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] &amp;lt; 300 mg\/g) and macroalbuminuria (ACR \u2265 300 mg\/g) and incidence of macroalbuminuria were computed according to the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was 6.5% and 0.6% in the 3856 nondiabetic youth and 18.5% and 2.9% in the 103 youth with diabetes, respectively. One hundred forty-one of 187 (75.4%) nondiabetic youth, but only 1 of 14 (7.1%) diabetic youth with an elevated ACR (\u226530 mg\/g) regressed to an undetectable or normal ACR (&amp;lt;30 mg\/g) on subsequent examination. In a subset of 2666 youth with a median follow-up of 8.1 years, 36 nondiabetic and 30 diabetic youth with baseline ACRs of &amp;lt;300 mg\/g developed macroalbuminuria. For a given ACR, the incidence of macroalbuminuria was 15.9-fold (95% confidence interval: 11.1\u201322.6) higher in the diabetic than in the nondiabetic youth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Elevated albuminuria is infrequent and largely transient in nondiabetic youth, but it is relatively frequent and largely persistent in those with diabetes. Microalbuminuria in youth with type 2 diabetes strongly predicts progression to macroalbuminuria, which supports annual screening for albuminuria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,2]],"date-time":"2010-03-02T03:23:00Z","timestamp":1267500180000},"page":"e844-e851","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Predictive Value of Albuminuria in American Indian Youth With or Without Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Nan Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona;"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Korea University Medical School, Seoul, Korea; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meda E.","family":"Pavkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona;"},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Knowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. Jennifer","family":"Weil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert 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